The Campylobacter genus is a large and diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria that are known to colonize humans and other mammals, birds, reptiles, and shellfish. While it is now recognized that several emerging Campylobacter species can be associated with human disease, two species, C. jejuni and C. coli, are responsible for the vast majority of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Infection with C. jejuni, in particular, has also been associated with a number of extragastrointestinal manifestations and autoimmune conditions, most notably Guillain–Barré syndrome. The antimicrobial drugs of choice for the treatment of severe Campylobacter infection include macrolides, such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin. Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, are also commonly used for empirical treatment of undiagnosed diarrheal disease. However, resistance to these and other classes of antimicrobial drugs is increasing and is a major public health problem. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that over 300,000 infections per year are caused by drug-resistant Campylobacter. In this chapter, we discuss the taxonomy of the Campylobacter genus, the clinical and global epidemiological aspects of Campylobacter infection, with an emphasis on C. jejuni and C. coli, and issues related to the treatment of infection and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. We further discuss the use of next-generation sequencing for the detection and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance genes.

该弯曲杆菌属是一个庞大而多样化的群体已知拓殖人类和其他哺乳动物，鸟类，爬行动物和贝类革兰氏阴性细菌。虽然现在认识到，一些新兴的弯曲杆菌种类可以与人类疾病，两个品种，相关空肠弯曲杆菌和大肠，负责全球人类绝大多数的细菌性胃肠炎。尤其是空肠弯曲杆菌感染还与许多胃肠外表现和自身免疫状况有关，最明显的是格林-巴利综合征。治疗重度弯曲杆菌的首选抗菌药物感染包括大环内酯类，例如红霉素，克拉霉素或阿奇霉素。氟喹诺酮类药物，如环丙沙星，也通常用于经验性腹泻病的经验治疗。然而，对这些和其他种类的抗菌药物的耐药性正在增加，并且是主要的公共卫生问题。美国疾病控制与预防中心估计，每年有超过300,000的感染是由耐药性弯曲杆菌引起的。在本章中，我们将讨论弯曲杆菌属的分类，弯曲杆菌感染的临床和全球流行病学方面，重点是空肠弯曲杆菌和大肠杆菌。，以及与感染和抗菌素耐药性的治疗有关的问题。我们进一步讨论了使用下一代测序技术检测和监测抗菌素耐药基因的方法。