The availability of complete fungal genomes is expanding rapidly and is offering an extensive and accurate view of this “kingdom.” The scientific milestone of free access to more than 1000 fungal genomes of different species was reached, and new and stimulating projects have meanwhile been released. The “1000 Fungal Genomes Project” represents one of the largest sequencing initiative regarding fungal organisms trying to fill some gaps on fungal genomics. Presently, there are 329 fungal families with at least one representative genome sequenced, but there is still a large number of fungal families without a single sequenced genome. In addition, additional sequencing projects helped to understand the genetic diversity within some fungal species. The availability of multiple genomes per species allows to support taxonomic organization, brings new insights for fungal evolution in short-time scales, clarifies geographical and dispersion patterns, elucidates outbreaks and transmission routes, among other objectives. Genotyping methodologies analyze only a small fraction of an individual's genome but facilitate the comparison of hundreds or thousands of isolates in a small fraction of the time and at low cost. The integration of whole genome strategies and improved genotyping panels targeting specific and relevant SNPs and/or repeated regions can represent fast and practical strategies for studying local, regional, and global epidemiology of fungi.

完整的真菌基因组的可用性正在迅速扩展，并为这种“王国”提供了广泛而准确的视图。可以自由获取不同物种的1000多种真菌基因组的科学里程碑已经实现，与此同时，新的刺激项目也已发布。“ 1000个真菌基因组计划”代表了有关真菌生物的最大测序计划之一，该尝试试图填补真菌基因组学的空白。目前，存在329个真菌家族，其中至少一个代表性的基因组被测序，但是仍然有大量真菌家族没有单个测序的基因组。此外，其他测序项目有助于了解某些真菌物种内的遗传多样性。每个物种可以使用多个基因组来支持分类组织，为短时间内的真菌进化带来新见解，阐明地理和分散模式，阐明暴发和传播途径，以及其他目标。基因分型方法仅分析个体基因组的一小部分，但可以在很短的时间内以低成本进行数百或数千个分离株的比较。靶向特定和相关SNP和/或重复区域的全基因组策略和改进的基因分型小组的整合可以代表研究真菌的局部，区域和全球流行病学的快速而实用的策略。基因分型方法仅分析个体基因组的一小部分，但可以在很短的时间内以低成本进行数百或数千个分离株的比较。靶向特定和相关SNP和/或重复区域的全基因组策略和改进的基因分型小组的整合可以代表研究真菌的局部，区域和全球流行病学的快速而实用的策略。基因分型方法仅分析个体基因组的一小部分，但可以在很短的时间内以低成本进行数百或数千个分离株的比较。靶向特定和相关SNP和/或重复区域的全基因组策略和改进的基因分型小组的整合可以代表研究真菌的局部，区域和全球流行病学的快速而实用的策略。