With the advent of immunomodulatory therapies and the HIV epidemic, the impact of JC Virus (JCV) on the public health system has grown significantly due to the increased incidence of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). Currently, there are no pharmaceutical agents targeting JCV infection for the treatment and the prevention of viral reactivation leading to the development of PML. As JCV primarily reactivates in immunocompromised patients, it is proposed that the immune system (mainly the cellular-immunity component) plays a key role in the regulation of JCV to prevent productive infection and PML development. However, the exact mechanism of JCV immune regulation and reactivation is not well understood. Likewise, the impact of host factors on JCV regulation and reactivation is another understudied area. Here we discuss the current literature on host factor-mediated and immune factor-mediated regulation of JCV gene expression with the purpose of developing a model of the factors that are bypassed during JCV reactivation, and thus are potential targets for the development of therapeutic interventions to suppress PML initiation.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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JC 病毒再激活和进行性多灶性白质脑病 (PML) 发展中的宿主免疫相互作用。


随着免疫调节疗法的出现和艾滋病毒的流行，由于进行性多灶性白质脑病（PML）发病率的增加，JC病毒（JCV）对公共卫生系统的影响显着增加。目前，尚无针对 JCV 感染的药物来治疗和预防导致 PML 发展的病毒再激活。由于 JCV 主要在免疫功能低下的患者中重新激活，因此提出免疫系统（主要是细胞免疫成分）在调节 JCV 以防止生产性感染和 PML 发展中发挥关键作用。然而，JCV 免疫调节和再激活的确切机制尚不清楚。同样，宿主因素对 JCV 调节和重新激活的影响是另一个未充分研究的领域。在这里，我们讨论了有关宿主因子介导和免疫因子介导的 JCV 基因表达调节的最新文献，目的是开发 JCV 重新激活过程中被绕过的因子模型，从而成为开发治疗干预措施的潜在目标。抑制 PML 的发生。

 图解摘要