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Thyroid Hormone Signalling: From the Dawn of Life to the Bedside.
Journal of Molecular Evolution ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s00239-019-09908-1
Iordanis Mourouzis 1 , Angelo Michele Lavecchia 2 , Christodoulos Xinaris 2, 3
Affiliation  

Thyroid hormone (TH) signalling is a key modulator of fundamental biological processes that has been evolutionarily conserved in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. TH may have initially emerged as a nutrient signal to convey environmental information to organisms to induce morpho-anatomical changes that could maximise the exploitation of environmental resources, and eventually integrated into the machinery of gene regulation and energy production to become a key regulator of development and metabolism. As such, TH signalling is particularly sensitive to environmental stimuli, and its alterations result in fundamental changes in homeostasis and physiology. Stressful stimuli of various origins lead to changes in the TH-TH receptor (TR) axis in different adult mammalian organs that are associated with phenotypical changes in terminally differentiated cells, the reactivation of foetal development programmes, structural remodelling and pathological growth. Here, we discuss the evolution of TH signalling, review evolutionarily conserved functions of THs in essential biological processes, such as metamorphosis and perinatal development, and analyse the role of TH signalling in the phenotypical and morphological changes that occur after injury, repair and regeneration in adult mammalian organs. Finally, we examine the potential of TH treatment as a therapeutic strategy for improving organ structure and functions following injury.

中文翻译:

甲状腺激素信号:从生命的黎明到床头。

甲状腺激素(TH)信号传导是脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中进化上保守的基本生物学过程的关键调节剂。TH可能最初是作为一种营养信号出现的,它可以将环境信息传递给生物体,以诱导形态解剖学变化,从而可以最大程度地利用环境资源,并最终整合到基因调控和能量产生的机制中,成为发展和调控的关键调控因子。代谢。这样,TH信号转导对环境刺激特别敏感,其改变导致体内平衡和生理学的根本变化。各种来源的应激刺激导致不同成年哺乳动物器官的TH-TH受体(TR)轴发生变化,这与终末分化细胞的表型变化,胎儿发育程序的重新激活,结构重塑和病理性生长有关。在这里,我们讨论了TH信号的演变,回顾了TH在重要的生物学过程中的进化保守功能,例如变态和围产期发育,并分析了TH信号在损伤,修复和再生后发生的表型和形态变化中的作用。成年哺乳动物器官。最后,我们检查了TH治疗作为改善损伤后器官结构和功能的治疗策略的潜力。结构重塑和病理性生长。在这里,我们讨论了TH信号的演变,回顾了TH在重要的生物学过程中的进化保守功能,例如变态和围产期发育,并分析了TH信号在损伤,修复和再生后发生的表型和形态变化中的作用。成年哺乳动物器官。最后,我们检查了TH治疗作为改善损伤后器官结构和功能的治疗策略的潜力。结构重塑和病理性生长。在这里,我们讨论了TH信号的演变,回顾了TH在重要的生物学过程中的进化保守功能,例如变态和围产期发育,并分析了TH信号在损伤,修复和再生后发生的表型和形态变化中的作用。成年哺乳动物器官。最后,我们检查了TH治疗作为改善损伤后器官结构和功能的治疗策略的潜力。在成年哺乳动物器官中修复和再生。最后,我们检查了TH治疗作为改善损伤后器官结构和功能的治疗策略的潜力。在成年哺乳动物器官中修复和再生。最后,我们检查了TH治疗作为改善损伤后器官结构和功能的治疗策略的潜力。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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