Objective. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a sensitive method for evaluation of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. The aim was to investigate the EEG and clinical features and correlations in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Methods. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients (n = 98) with at least 1 EEG recording in our hospital were recruited between January 2012 and October 2017. We reviewed and analyzed the EEG and clinical data. Results. In our cohorts, 79 patients underwent EEG in the disease acute stage, and 39 in the recovery stage. Of the 79 patients, 70 (88.6%) EEG recordings in acute period were abnormal. Symptoms, including consciousness, movement disorder, coma, were correlated to the degree of EEG abnormalities (P < .05). The patients with more severe EEG abnormalities also had longer hospitalized and intensive care unit stay time (P < .05). We found that the EEG pattern of abnormal occipital alpha rhythm had a correlation with the clinical severity, and the Spearman coefficient was 0.448 (P = .000). Neither delta activities distribution nor prevalence showed correlations with clinical severity in acute stage. However, delta activities significantly decreased in the disease recovery stage. The other findings of EEG records were extreme delta brush (7cases, 8.9%), excess delta activities (diffuse slowing 30 cases, 38.0%), and epileptiform discharge (10 cases, 14.3%). Conclusion. This is the largest study of EEG recording in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients in China. EEG abnormalities, particularly occipital alpha rhythm, are correlated with clinical severity. EEG is useful for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response in conjunction with clinical improvement.

中文翻译：

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抗N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸受体脑炎患者的脑电图和临床特征及相关性

客观的。脑电图 (EEG) 是评估抗 N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸受体 (anti-NMDAR) 脑炎的敏感方法。目的是研究抗 NMDAR 脑炎患者的脑电图和临床特征及相关性。方法。2012 年 1 月至 2017 年 10 月期间在我院招募了至少 1 个脑电图记录的抗 NMDAR 脑炎患者（n = 98）。我们回顾和分析了脑电图和临床数据。结果。在我们的队列中，79 名患者在疾病急性期接受了 EEG，39 名患者在恢复期接受了 EEG。79例患者中，70例（88.6%）急性期脑电图异常。包括意识、运动障碍、昏迷在内的症状与脑电图异常的程度相关（P < .05）。脑电图异常更严重的患者住院和重症监护病房的停留时间也更长（P < .05）。我们发现枕骨α节律异常的EEG模式与临床严重程度相关，Spearman系数为0.448（P = .000）。在急性期，delta 活动分布和患病率均未显示与临床严重程度相关。然而，δ 活动在疾病恢复阶段显着下降。EEG 记录的其他发现是极端 delta 刷（7 例，8.9%）、过度的 delta 活动（弥漫性减慢 30 例，38.0%）和癫痫样放电（10 例，14.3%）。结论。这是国内最大的抗NMDAR脑炎患者脑电图记录研究。脑电图异常，尤其是枕骨α节律，与临床严重程度相关。EEG 可用于诊断和监测治疗反应以及临床改善。