Contraceptive research has entered a new phase of development with the advent of hybridoma and DNA recombinant technologies. During the past 5 years, significant advances have been made in this area and now it seems that realistic prospects exist for the development of contraceptive vaccines for use in humans and animals (veterinary, wild and domestic), applicable to both the female and male sexes. Contraceptive vaccines will be valuable supplements to the presently available methods of family planning, and, due to high specificity, the occurrence of limited side-effects if any, low cost and infrequent administration, contraceptive vaccines may have greater acceptability than the currently available methods. Mammalian reproduction starts with the unison of gametes contributed by the male and female partners. Both spermatozoon and oocyte have antigens on the cell surface that are unique, tissue-specific, immunogenic and accessible to antibodies, and binding of the antibodies to these antigens can cause inhibition of gamete function, resulting in a failure of fertilization. Fertilization is followed by embryogenesis, with the early embryo producing several proteins, some of which, e.g. human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), have a vital role in the establishment and maintenance of early pregnancy. Again, these proteins are accessible to antibodies, and their immunoneutralization can cause anti-fertility effects with loss of early embryo. Thus, the antigens derived from proteins on spermatozoa, oocyte and early embryo, especially HCG, constitute interesting molecules for the development of contraceptive vaccines. The aim of the present article is to review the current status of development of contraceptive vaccines based on antigens derived from sperm cell, oocyte zona pellucida and HCG, and to discuss their relative merits and future development.

中文翻译：

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使用源自配子（精子和透明带）和激素（人绒毛膜促性腺激素）的抗原开发用于人类的避孕疫苗：目前的状况。

随着杂交瘤和DNA重组技术的出现，避孕研究进入了一个新的发展阶段。在过去的五年中，该领域取得了重大进展，现在看来，开发适用于男女的兽用（人畜，兽用，野生和家养）避孕疫苗的发展存在着现实的前景。 。避孕疫苗将是目前可用的计划生育方法的宝贵补充，并且由于特异性高，副作用有限（如果有的话），成本低和不经常给药，避孕疫苗可能比当前可用的方法具有更大的可接受性。哺乳动物的繁殖始于男女配偶一致配子。精子和卵母细胞在细胞表面均具有独特的，组织特异性的，免疫原性和抗体可及的抗原，并且抗体与这些抗原的结合可导致配子功能受到抑制，导致受精失败。受精后是胚胎发生，早期胚胎产生几种蛋白质，其中的某些蛋白质，例如人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG），对建立和维持早期妊娠起着至关重要的作用。同样，这些蛋白质可被抗体接近，并且它们的免疫中和作用可导致抗生育作用，并失去早期胚胎。因此，源自精子，卵母细胞和早期胚胎上的蛋白质的抗原，尤其是HCG，构成了开发避孕疫苗的有趣分子。