Every part of the human body is subject to aging, including the eye. An increased prevalence of dry eye disease with age is widely acknowledged. Aging threatens ocular surface homeostasis, altering the normal functioning of the lacrimal functional unit and potentially leading to signs and symptoms of dry eye. Additional age-related processes take place within the crystalline lens, leading to presbyopia and cataractogenesis. Correction strategies for presbyopia and cataracts may directly or indirectly challenge the ocular surface. Contact lenses disturb the normal structure of the tear film and can interact negatively with the ocular surface, further deteriorating an already unbalanced tear film in presbyopes, however, newer contact lens designs can overcome some of these issues. Moreover, cataract and corneal refractive surgeries sever corneal nerves and disrupt the corneal epithelium and ocular surface, which can influence surgical outcomes and aggravate dryness symptoms in older age groups. This review summarises the current understanding of how the invasive nature of contact lens wear and cataract and refractive surgery influence signs and symptoms of ocular dryness in an aging population.

中文翻译：

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老花眼和衰老的眼睛：现有的屈光方法及其对干眼症和症状的潜在影响。

人体的各个部分都会老化，包括眼睛。人们普遍认为，干眼病的患病率随年龄的增长而增加。衰老威胁眼表稳态，改变泪功能单元的正常功能，并可能导致干眼的症状和体征。晶状体内部还会发生其他与年龄相关的过程，从而导致老花眼和白内障发生。老花眼和白内障的矫正策略可能直接或间接挑战眼表。隐形眼镜会扰乱泪膜的正常结构，并可能与眼表产生不利的相互作用，使老花眼中已经不平衡的泪膜进一步恶化，但是，新型的隐形眼镜设计可以克服其中的一些问题。此外，白内障和角膜屈光手术会切断角膜神经并破坏角膜上皮和眼表，这会影响手术效果并加重老年人的干燥症状。这篇综述总结了对老龄化人群中隐形眼镜佩戴，白内障和屈光手术的侵入性如何影响眼干燥迹象和症状的当前理解。