Extensively malted cereals counteract enterotoxic diarrhea and inflammatory bowel diseases. This effect depends on a protein called antisecretory factor (AF), which is secreted into the blood as a larger complex known as the compleasome. In this study, we identified anti-inflammatory substances in malt and assayed their capacity to induce AF. Guaiacol and quercetin inhibited inflammation in a mouse footpad model, while catechin, sinapic acid, ferulic acid, and quercetin inhibited nitric oxide formation in RAW 264.7 cells. The proteasome activity in these cells was inhibited by vanillic acid and quercetin but not by the other tested phenols. As the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) might be involved in AF induction, the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine was tested and shown to inhibit inflammation in mouse paw and nitric oxide formation. Catechin, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid induced AF in rat blood, and these substances were all increased in malt compared to control wheat. These phenols might therefore be of particular importance for the beneficial effect of malted cereals on inflammatory diseases. Our results further suggest that TRPV1 might play a role in the anti-inflammatory activity of phenols via the induction of AF.

中文翻译：

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小麦麦芽中的抗炎物质诱导抗分泌因子

大量麦芽谷物可以抵抗肠毒性腹泻和炎症性肠病。这种作用取决于一种称为抗分泌因子 (AF) 的蛋白质，它作为一种更大的复合体被分泌到血液中，称为 Compleasome。在这项研究中，我们鉴定了麦芽中的抗炎物质并测定了它们诱导 AF 的能力。愈创木酚和槲皮素抑制小鼠足垫模型的炎症，而儿茶素、芥子酸、阿魏酸和槲皮素抑制 RAW 264.7 细胞中一氧化氮的形成。这些细胞中的蛋白酶体活性受到香草酸和槲皮素的抑制，但不受其他测试酚类的抑制。由于瞬时受体电位香草素 1 (TRPV1) 可能参与 AF 诱导，因此对 TRPV1 拮抗剂 capsazepine 进行了测试并显示其可抑制小鼠爪子的炎症和一氧化氮的形成。儿茶素、阿魏酸和芥子酸可诱导大鼠血液中的 AF，与对照小麦相比，麦芽中的这些物质均有所增加。因此，这些酚类对于麦芽谷物对炎症疾病的有益作用可能特别重要。我们的结果进一步表明，TRPV1 可能通过诱导 AF 在酚类的抗炎活性中发挥作用。