Objective

This project investigates two cases of skeletal dysplasia from archaeological excavations of the New Kingdom Period (c. 1400–1050 BCE) portion of the Tombos cemetery in Sudan. Materials: Fair to well-preserved skeletal remains of two individuals, one adult and one juvenile, are examined here.

Methods

All available skeletal elements were analyzed macroscopically. A differential diagnosis was conducted for each individual.

Results

The adult individual, U36.Sh2.B10, displays bilateral mesomelic dysplasia and Madelung’s deformity. The juvenile individual, U36.Sh2.B5, also displays bilateral mesomelic dysplasia and characteristics associated with Madelung’s deformity.

Conclusions

A differential diagnosis of Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD) is suggested for the adult female individual (U36.Sh2.B10). The second case (U36.Sh2.B5) is an approximately three to five-year-old individual and is difficult to diagnose given the young age; however, LWD remains the most likely diagnosis.

Significance

There are few cases of LWD in the paleopathological literature, and fewer still of juveniles. The cases described are useful examples in expanding research demonstrating the variability in the expression of skeletal dysplasias in juveniles and adults.

Limitations

Taphonomic alterations and fragmentation of the crania and portions of the postcrania limited the observation of the full suite of characteristics associated with skeletal dysplasias. U36.Sh2.B5 is difficult to diagnose given the individual’s young age and the possibility that this individual had not yet developed the more observable characteristics associated with these conditions.

Suggestions for further research

Researchers are encouraged to continue examining the range of expression of skeletal dysplasias in juveniles and adults.

中文翻译：

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来自苏丹新王国（约公元前 1400-1050 年）通博斯的两例骨骼发育不良病例。

 客观的

该项目调查了苏丹通博斯墓地新王国时期（约公元前 1400-1050 年）部分考古发掘中的两例骨骼发育不良病例。材料：这里检查了两个人（一名成人和一名青少年）的保存完好的骨骼遗骸。

 方法

所有可用的骨骼元素都进行了宏观分析。对每个人进行了鉴别诊断。

 结果

成年个体 U36.Sh2.B10 表现出双侧中粒发育不良和马德隆畸形。幼年个体 U36.Sh2.B5 也表现出双侧中粒发育不良和与马德隆畸形相关的特征。

 结论

建议对成年女性个体 (U36.Sh2.B10) 进行 Léri-Weill 软骨骨质增生 (LWD) 的鉴别诊断。第二个病例（U36.Sh2.B5）是一个大约三到五岁的个体，由于年龄小，很难诊断；然而，LWD 仍然是最可能的诊断。

 意义

古病理学文献中很少有 LWD 病例，而青少年的则更少。所描述的病例是扩展研究的有用例子，证明了青少年和成人骨骼发育不良表达的变异性。

 局限性

颅骨和颅后部分的埋藏改变和破碎限制了对与骨骼发育不良相关的全套特征的观察。鉴于该人年龄较小，而且该人可能尚未发展出与这些病症相关的更明显的特征，因此很难诊断 U36.Sh2.B5。

进一步研究的建议

鼓励研究人员继续研究青少年和成人骨骼发育不良的表达范围。