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Palmitate is not an effective fuel for pancreatic islets and amplifies insulin secretion independent of calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum.
Islets ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-14 , DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2019.1601490
Iok Teng Kuok 1 , Austin M Rountree 1 , Seung-Ryoung Jung 1 , Ian R Sweet 1
Affiliation  

The aim of the study was to determine the acute contribution of fuel oxidation in mediating the increase in insulin secretion rate (ISR) in response to fatty acids. Measures of mitochondrial metabolism, as reflected by oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and cytochrome c reduction, calcium signaling, and ISR by rat islets were used to evaluate processes stimulated by acute exposure to palmitic acid (PA). The contribution of mitochondrial oxidation of PA was determined in the presence and absence of a blocker of mitochondrial transport of fatty acids (etomoxir) at different glucose concentrations. Subsequent to increasing glucose from 3 to 20 mM, PA caused small increases in OCR and cytosolic calcium (about 20% of the effect of glucose). In contrast, the effect of PA on ISR was almost 3 times that by glucose, suggesting that the metabolism of PA is not the dominant mechanism mediating PA’s effect on ISR. This was further supported by lack of inhibition of PA-stimulated OCR and ISR when blocking entry of PA into mitochondria (with etomoxir), and PA’s lack of stimulation of reduced cytochrome c in the presence of high glucose. Consistent with the lack of metabolic stimulation by PA, an inhibitor of calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, but not a blocker of L-type calcium channels, abolished the PA-induced elevation of cytosolic calcium. Notably, ISR was unaffected by thapsigargin showing the dissociation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium release and second phase insulin secretion. In conclusion, stimulation of ISR by PA was mediated by mechanisms largely independent of the oxidation of the fuel.



中文翻译:

棕榈酸酯不是胰岛的有效燃料,它可以独立于内质网中的钙释放而增加胰岛素的分泌。

该研究的目的是确定燃料氧化在介导响应脂肪酸的胰岛素分泌率(ISR)升高中的急性作用。通过耗氧率(OCR)和细胞色素c减少,钙信号传导和大鼠胰岛的ISR反映的线粒体代谢指标可用于评估急性暴露于棕榈酸(PA)刺激的过程。在存在和不存在不同葡萄糖浓度的脂肪酸的线粒体运输阻滞剂(依托莫司)下,测定PA的线粒体氧化作用。在葡萄糖从3 mM增加到20 mM之后,PA引起OCR和胞质钙的少量增加(约占葡萄糖作用的20%)。相比之下,PA对ISR的影响几乎是葡萄糖的3倍,提示PA的代谢不是介导PA对ISR的影响的主要机制。当阻止PA进入线粒体时(用埃托莫昔),对PA刺激的OCR和ISR的抑制作用不足,以及在高葡萄糖存在下PA对还原的细胞色素c缺乏刺激作用,进一步证明了这一点。与PA缺乏代谢刺激相一致的是,钙从内质网释放的抑制剂,而不是L型钙通道的阻滞剂,消除了PA诱导的胞质钙升高。值得注意的是,ISSR不受毒胡萝卜素的影响,毒胡萝卜素显示内质网钙释放和第二阶段胰岛素分泌的解离。总之,PA对ISR的刺激作用是通过很大程度上独立于燃料氧化的机制介导的。当阻止PA进入线粒体时(用埃托莫昔),对PA刺激的OCR和ISR的抑制作用不足,以及在高葡萄糖存在下PA对还原的细胞色素c缺乏刺激作用,进一步证明了这一点。与PA缺乏代谢刺激相一致的是,钙从内质网释放的抑制剂,而不是L型钙通道的阻滞剂,消除了PA诱导的胞质钙升高。值得注意的是,ISR不受毒胡萝卜素的影响,毒胡萝卜素显示内质网钙释放和第二阶段胰岛素分泌的解离。总之,PA对ISR的刺激作用是通过很大程度上独立于燃料氧化的机制介导的。当阻止PA进入线粒体时(用埃托莫昔),对PA刺激的OCR和ISR的抑制作用不足,以及在高葡萄糖存在下PA对还原的细胞色素c缺乏刺激作用,进一步证明了这一点。与PA缺乏代谢刺激相一致的是,钙从内质网释放的抑制剂,而不是L型钙通道的阻滞剂,消除了PA诱导的胞质钙升高。值得注意的是,毒胡萝卜素不受ISR的影响,毒胡萝卜素显示内质网钙释放和第二阶段胰岛素分泌的解离。总之,PA对ISR的刺激作用是由很大程度上独立于燃料氧化的机制介导的。高糖存在下,PA缺乏对还原型细胞色素c的刺激。与PA缺乏代谢刺激相一致的是,钙从内质网释放的抑制剂,而不是L型钙通道的阻滞剂,消除了PA诱导的胞质钙升高。值得注意的是,毒胡萝卜素不受ISR的影响,毒胡萝卜素显示内质网钙释放和第二阶段胰岛素分泌的解离。总之,PA对ISR的刺激作用是由很大程度上独立于燃料氧化的机制介导的。高糖存在下,PA缺乏对还原型细胞色素c的刺激。与PA缺乏代谢刺激相一致的是,钙从内质网释放的抑制剂,而不是L型钙通道的阻滞剂,消除了PA诱导的胞质钙升高。值得注意的是,毒胡萝卜素不受ISR的影响,毒胡萝卜素显示内质网钙释放和第二阶段胰岛素分泌的解离。总之,PA对ISR的刺激作用是由很大程度上独立于燃料氧化的机制介导的。消除了PA引起的胞质钙升高。值得注意的是,毒胡萝卜素不受ISR的影响,毒胡萝卜素显示内质网钙释放和第二阶段胰岛素分泌的解离。总之,PA对ISR的刺激作用是由很大程度上独立于燃料氧化的机制介导的。消除了PA引起的胞质钙升高。值得注意的是,ISR不受毒胡萝卜素的影响,毒胡萝卜素显示内质网钙释放和第二阶段胰岛素分泌的解离。总之,PA对ISR的刺激作用是由很大程度上独立于燃料氧化的机制介导的。

更新日期:2019-05-14
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