ABSTRACT Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (ranging from 30 nm to 150 nm), secreted by different cell types upon fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) to the cell plasma membrane under a variety of normal and pathological conditions. Through transferring their cargos such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids from donor cells to recipient cells, exosomes play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication. Due to their presence in most body fluids (such as blood, breast milk, saliva, urine, bile, pancreatic juice, cerebrospinal and peritoneal fluids), and their role in carrying bioactive molecules from the cells of origin, exosomes have attracted great interest in their diagnostic and prognostic value for various diseases and therapeutic approaches. Although a large body of literature has documented the importance of exosomes over the past decade, there is no article systematically summarizing protein markers of exosome from different resources and the antibodies that are suited to characterize exosomes. In this review, we briefly summarize the exosome marker proteins, exosomal biomarkers for different diseases, and the antibodies suitable for different bio-resources exosomes characterization.

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不同生物资源外泌体蛋白标记物及用于表征的抗体综述

摘要 外泌体是小膜囊泡（范围从 30 nm 到 150 nm），在多种正常和病理条件下由多泡体 (MVB) 融合到细胞质膜后由不同细胞类型分泌。通过将蛋白质、脂质和核酸等货物从供体细胞转移到受体细胞，外泌体在细胞间通讯中起着至关重要的作用。由于它们存在于大多数体液（如血液、母乳、唾液、尿液、胆汁、胰液、脑脊液和腹膜液）中，并且它们在从原始细胞携带生物活性分子方面发挥作用，因此外泌体引起了人们极大的兴趣。它们对各种疾病和治疗方法的诊断和预后价值。尽管在过去十年中大量文献记录了外泌体的重要性，没有文章系统地总结来自不同资源的外泌体的蛋白质标志物和适合表征外泌体的抗体。在这篇综述中，我们简要总结了外泌体标记蛋白、不同疾病的外泌体生物标志物以及适用于不同生物资源外泌体表征的抗体。