Calcium signaling is critical to neuronal function and regulates highly diverse processes such as gene transcription, energy production, protein handling, and synaptic structure and function. Because there are many common underlying calcium-mediated pathological features observed across several neurological conditions, it has been proposed that neurodegenerative diseases have an upstream underlying calcium basis in their pathogenesis. With certain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, specific sources of calcium dysregulation originating from distinct neuronal compartments or channels have been shown to have defined roles in initiating or sustaining disease mechanisms. Herein, we will review the major hallmarks of these diseases, and how they relate to calcium dysregulation. We will then discuss neuronal calcium handling throughout the neuron, with special emphasis on channels involved in neurodegeneration.

中文翻译：

---

钙处理缺陷和神经退行性疾病。


钙信号传导对于神经元功能至关重要，并调节高度多样化的过程，例如基因转录、能量产生、蛋白质处理以及突触结构和功能。由于在多种神经系统疾病中观察到许多常见的潜在钙介导的病理特征，因此有人提出神经退行性疾病在其发病机制中具有上游潜在的钙基础。对于某些疾病，例如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病，源自不同神经元区室或通道的钙失调的特定来源已被证明在启动或维持疾病机制中具有明确的作用。在此，我们将回顾这些疾病的主要特征，以及它们与钙失调的关系。然后我们将讨论整个神经元的神经钙处理，特别强调参与神经变性的通道。