Recent advances in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy have led to ∼10 nm spatial resolution and profound impact on cell biology and beyond. Here we discuss emerging possibilities to encode functional information of intracellular microenvironments, for example, local pH, small-molecule concentrations, chemical polarity (hydrophobicity), and protein activity, into diverse dimensions of the super-resolution signal, hence a class of approaches we collectively refer to as functional super-resolution microscopy. By adding remarkably rich functional information to the already powerful super-resolution arsenal, functional super-resolution microscopy transcends the structural information provided by existing methods, and opens up new ways to unveil fascinating local heterogeneities in live cells with nanometer-scale spatial resolution and ultimate sensitivity down to the single-molecule level.

中文翻译：

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细胞的功能超分辨率显微镜。

超分辨率荧光显微镜的最新进展已导致约10 nm的空间分辨率，并对细胞生物学及其他方面产生了深远的影响。在这里，我们讨论了将细胞内微环境的功能信息（例如，局部pH，小分子浓度，化学极性（疏水性）和蛋白质活性）编码为不同分辨率的超分辨率信号的新兴可能性，因此我们提出了一种方法统称为功能超分辨率显微镜。通过向功能强大的超分辨率武器库中添加非常丰富的功能信息，功能超分辨率显微镜超越了现有方法提供的结构信息，