Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment by combining light and a photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for cellular damage, and is used to treat cancer and infectious diseases. In this review, we focus on recent advances in design of new photosensitizers for increased production of ROS and in genetic engineering of biological photosensitizers to study cellular signaling pathways. A new concept has been proposed that PDT-induced acute inflammation can mediate neutrophil infiltration to deliver therapeutics in deep tumor tissues. Combination of PDT and immunotherapies (neutrophil-mediated therapeutic delivery) has shown the promising translation of PDT for cancer therapies. Furthermore, a new area in PDT is to treat bacterial infections to overcome the antimicrobial resistance. Finally, we have discussed the new directions of PDT for therapies of cancer and infectious diseases. In summary, we believe that rational design and innovations in nanomaterials may have a great impact on translation of PDT in cancer and infectious diseases. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.

中文翻译：

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癌症和传染病光动力疗法的最新进展。

光动力疗法（PDT）是一种通过结合光和光敏剂产生活性氧（ROS）来损伤细胞的治疗方法，用于治疗癌症和传染病。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注用于增加 ROS 产量的新型光敏剂设计以及用于研究细胞信号传导途径的生物光敏剂基因工程的最新进展。提出了一个新概念，即 PDT 诱导的急性炎症可以介导中性粒细胞浸润，从而在深层肿瘤组织中提供治疗。PDT 和免疫疗法（中性粒细胞介导的治疗递送）的结合已显示出 PDT 在癌症治疗中的应用前景。此外，PDT 的一个新领域是治疗细菌感染以克服抗菌药物耐药性。最后，我们讨论了PDT治疗癌症和传染病的新方向。综上所述，我们相信纳米材料的合理设计和创新可能会对PDT在癌症和传染病中的转化产生巨大影响。本文分类为：治疗方法和药物发现>用于肿瘤疾病治疗方法和药物发现的纳米医学>用于传染病的纳米医学纳米技术生物学方法>生物学中的纳米级系统。