Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to lessen symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the effects of PPI therapy on the gastrointestinal microbiota in GERD patients remain unclear. We examined the association between the PPI usage and the microbiota present in gastric mucosal and fecal samples from GERD patients and healthy controls (HCs) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. GERD patients taking PPIs were further divided into short-term and long-term PPI user groups. We showed that PPI administration lowered the relative bacterial diversity of the gastric microbiota in GERD patients. Compared to the non-PPI-user and HC groups, higher abundances of Planococcaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, and Sphingomonadaceae were found in the gastric microbiota from the PPI-user group. In addition, the Methylophilus genus was more highly abundant in the long-term PPI user group than in the short-term PPI-user group. Despite the absence of differences in alpha diversity, there were significant differences in the fecal bacterial composition of between GERD patients taking PPIs and those not taking PPIs. There was a higher abundance of Streptococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae present in the fecal microbiota from the PPI-user group than those from the non-PPI-user and HC groups. Additionally, a significantly higher abundance of Ruminococcus was found in GERD patients on long-term PPI medication than that on short-term PPI medication. Our study indicates that PPI administration in patients with GERD has a significant effect on the abundance and structure of the gastric mucosal microbiota but only on the composition of the fecal microbiota.

中文翻译：

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质子泵抑制剂对胃食管反流病中胃肠道微生物群的影响。

质子泵抑制剂（PPI）通常用于减轻胃食管反流病（GERD）患者的症状。但是，PPI治疗对GERD患者胃肠道菌群的影响尚不清楚。我们使用16S rRNA基因测序检查了GERD患者和健康对照（HCs）胃黏膜和粪便样品中PPI的使用与微生物群之间的关联。服用PPI的GERD患者又分为短期和长期PPI用户组。我们表明，PPI给药降低了GERD患者胃微生物群的相对细菌多样性。与非PPI使用者和HC组相比，在PPI使用者组的胃菌群中发现了更多的平球菌科，草酸杆菌科和Sphingomonadaceae。此外，长期使用PPI使用者组中的嗜甲基菌属比短期使用PPI使用者组更丰富。尽管阿尔法多样性没有差异，但服用PPI的GERD患者和未服用PPI的GERD患者之间的粪便细菌组成存在显着差异。PPI使用者组的粪便菌群中链球菌，Veillonellaceae，Acidaminococcaceae，Micrococcaceae和Flavobacteriaceae的丰度高于非PPI使用者和HC组的菌群。此外，在长期使用PPI药物治疗的GERD患者中，发现球菌的丰度明显高于短期PPI药物。