Trillions of microbes reside in the human body and participate in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes that affect host health throughout the life cycle. The microbiome is hallmarked by distinctive compositional and functional features across different life periods. Accumulating evidence has shown that microbes residing in the human body may play fundamental roles in infant development and the maturation of the immune system. Gut microbes are thought to be essential for the facilitation of infantile and childhood development and immunity by assisting in breaking down food substances to liberate nutrients, protecting against pathogens, stimulating or modulating the immune system, and exerting control over the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the colonization and development of the gut microbiota in early life, highlighting the recent findings regarding the role of intestinal microbes in pediatric diseases. Furthermore, we also discuss the microbiota-mediated therapeutics that can reconfigure bacterial communities to treat dysbiosis.

中文翻译：

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生命早期的肠道微生物群及其对儿童健康的影响。


数以万亿计的微生物存在于人体内，参与影响宿主整个生命周期健康的多种生理和病理生理过程。微生物组在不同生命时期具有独特的组成和功能特征。越来越多的证据表明，人体内的微生物可能在婴儿发育和免疫系统成熟中发挥重要作用。肠道微生物被认为对于促进婴儿和儿童的发育和免疫至关重要，它们可以帮助分解食物物质以释放营养物质、抵御病原体、刺激或调节免疫系统以及控制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴。本综述旨在总结目前对生命早期肠道微生物群定植和发育的认识，重点介绍肠道微生物在儿科疾病中作用的最新发现。此外，我们还讨论了微生物介导的疗法，可以重新配置细菌群落来治疗生态失调。