Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS) are well studied for their roles in tRNA charging with cognate amino acid. Nevertheless, numerous lines of evidence indicate that these proteins have roles other than tRNA charging. These include coordination of cellular signaling cascades, induction of cytokines outside the cell and transcription regulation. Herein, we focus on their roles in post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA expression. We describe functions that are related to antitermination of transcription, RNA splicing and mRNA translation. Cases were recognition of mRNA by the aaRS involves recognition of tRNA-like structures are described. Such recognition may be achieved by repurposing tRNA-binding domains or through domains added to the aaRS later in evolution. Furthermore, we describe cases in which binding by aaRS is implicated in autogenous regulation of expression. Overall, we propose RNA-mimicry as a common mode of interaction between aaRS and mRNA which allows efficient expression regulation. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > tRNA Processing RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications Translation > Translation Regulation.

中文翻译：

---

氨酰 tRNA 合成酶在转录后调控中的 RNA 模拟。

氨酰 tRNA 合成酶 (aaRS) 因其在 tRNA 与同源氨基酸充电中的作用而得到充分研究。尽管如此，大量证据表明这些蛋白质具有除 tRNA 充电之外的其他作用。这些包括细胞信号级联的协调、细胞外细胞因子的诱导和转录调控。在此，我们关注它们在 mRNA 表达的转录后调控中的作用。我们描述了与转录、RNA 剪接和 mRNA 翻译的抗终止相关的功能。描述了通过 aaRS 识别 mRNA 的案例涉及识别 tRNA 样结构。这种识别可以通过重新利用 tRNA 结合域或通过在进化后期添加到 aaRS 的域来实现。此外，我们描述了 aaRS 的结合与表达的自体调节有关的情况。总的来说，我们建议 RNA 模拟作为 aaRS 和 mRNA 之间相互作用的常见模式，它允许有效的表达调控。本文分类如下：RNA 加工 > tRNA 加工 RNA 与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用 > 蛋白质-RNA 识别 RNA 与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用 > 蛋白质-RNA 相互作用：功能含义翻译 > 翻译调节。