HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is characterized by chronic immune activation. We aimed to identify biomarkers associated with HAND and to investigate their association with cognitive function and sex, in a homogenous cohort of HIV-infected (HIV+) young adults, parenterally infected during early childhood. One hundred forty-four HIV+ Romanian participants (51% women) without major confounders underwent standardized neurocognitive and medical evaluation in a cross-sectional study. IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, and TNF-α were measured in plasma in all participants and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a subgroup of 56 study participants. Biomarkers were compared with neurocognitive outcomes, and the influence of sex and HIV disease biomarkers was assessed. In this cohort of young adults (median age of 24 years), the rate of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) was 36.1%. Median current CD4+ count was 479 cells/mm3 and 36.8% had detectable plasma viral load. Women had better HIV-associated overall status. In plasma, controlling for sex, higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were associated with NCI (p < 0.05). Plasma CXCL10 showed a significant interaction with sex (p = 0.02); higher values were associated with NCI in women only (p = 0.02). Individuals with undetectable viral load had significantly lower plasma CXCL10 (p < 0.001) and CCL2 (p = 0.02) levels, and CSF CXCL10 (p = 0.01), IL-6 (p = 0.04), and TNF-α (p = 0.04) levels. NCI in young men and women living with HIV was associated with higher IL-6 and TNF-α in plasma, but not in the CSF. CXCL10 was identified as a biomarker of NCI specifically in women with chronic HIV infection.

中文翻译：

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血浆CXCL10与HIV感染妇女的HAND相关。

HIV相关的神经认知障碍（HAND）的特征在于慢性免疫激活。我们的目的是在同种HIV感染（HIV +）年轻人的同质队列中，鉴定与HAND相关的生物标记物，并研究它们与认知功能和性别的相关性，这些儿童在儿童早期曾被肠胃外感染。在一项横断面研究中，没有主要混杂因素的一百四十四名HIV +罗马尼亚受试者（51％的妇女）接受了标准化的神经认知和医学评估。在56名研究参与者的亚组中，在所有参与者的血浆中和脑脊液（CSF）中测量了IFN-γ，IL-1β，IL-6，CCL2，CXCL8，CXCL10和TNF-α。将生物标志物与神经认知结果进行比较，并评估性别和HIV疾病生物标志物的影响。在这个年轻人群体（中位年龄为24岁）中，神经认知障碍（NCI）率为36.1％。当前CD4 +计数中位数为479个细胞/ mm3，血浆可检测到病毒载量为36.8％。妇女与艾滋病毒相关的总体状况更好。在控制性别的血浆中，较高水平的IL-6和TNF-α与NCI相关（p <0.05）。血浆CXCL10与性别发生显着相互作用（p = 0.02）；较高的值仅与女性的NCI相关（p = 0.02）。病毒载量无法检测的个体血浆CXCL10（p <0.001）和CCL2（p = 0.02），CSF CXCL10（p = 0.01），IL-6（p = 0.04）和TNF-α（p = 0.04）水平明显降低）级别。患有艾滋病毒的年轻男女的NCI与血浆中较高的IL-6和TNF-α相关，但与CSF无关。CXCL10被确定为NCI的生物标志物，特别是在患有慢性HIV感染的女性中。