Harnessing an individual's immune cells to mediate antitumor and antiviral responses is a life-saving option for some patients with otherwise intractable forms of cancer and infectious disease. In particular, T-cell-based engineered immune cells are a powerful new class of therapeutics with remarkable efficacy. Clinical experience has helped to define some of the major challenges for reliable, safe, and effective deployment of T-cells against a broad range of diseases. While poised to revolutionize immunotherapy, scalable manufacturing, safety, specificity, and the development of resistance are potential roadblocks in their widespread usage. The development of molecular engineering tools to allow for the direct or indirect engineering of T-cells to enable one to troubleshoot delivery issues, amplify immunomodulatory effects, integrate the synergistic effects of different molecules, and home to the target cells in vivo. In this review, we will analyze thus-far developed cell- and material-based tools for enhancing T-cell therapies, including methods to improve safety and specificity, enhancing efficacy, and overcoming limitations in scalable manufacturing. We summarize the potential of T-cells as immune modulating therapies and the potential future directions for enabling their adoption for a broad range of diseases. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale.

中文翻译：

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分子工程在基于 T 细胞的免疫疗法中的应用。


对于一些患有其他顽固性癌症和传染病的患者来说，利用个体的免疫细胞来介导抗肿瘤和抗病毒反应是一种挽救生命的选择。特别是，基于 T 细胞的工程免疫细胞是一种强大的新型疗法，具有显着的功效。临床经验有助于确定可靠、安全和有效地部署 T 细胞对抗多种疾病的一些主要挑战。虽然有望彻底改变免疫疗法，但可扩展的生产、安全性、特异性和耐药性的发展是其广泛使用的潜在障碍。分子工程工具的开发允许对 T 细胞进行直接或间接工程改造，从而解决递送问题、放大免疫调节作用、整合不同分子的协同作用以及体内靶细胞的归巢。在这篇综述中，我们将分析迄今为止开发的基于细胞和材料的工具，用于增强 T 细胞疗法，包括提高安全性和特异性、提高疗效以及克服可扩展制造的局限性的方法。我们总结了 T 细胞作为免疫调节疗法的潜力，以及使其用于多种疾病的潜在未来方向。本文分类如下： 生物学的纳米技术方法 > 生物学治疗方法和药物发现中的纳米级系统 > 用于肿瘤疾病的纳米医学 生物学的纳米技术方法 > 纳米尺度的细胞。