Antibodies are an important class of therapeutic for treating a wide range of diseases. These versatile macromolecules can be engineered to target many different antigens and to utilize several mechanisms of action to produce a pharmacological effect. The most common antibody platform used for therapeutics is immunoglobulin G (IgG). Advances in protein-display and genetic engineering have enabled the construction and manipulation of IgG to enhance desired activity such as increasing antigen affinity, modulating pharmacokinetics, and enhancing effector functions. IgGs can also be altered to suppress undesired effects, such as immunogenicity. The main approaches to control IgG behavior include engineering the protein sequence and glycosylation of intact IgG; constructing IgG-based derivatives, including bispecific and multivalent binders; and fusing small-drug molecules or proteins to IgG-derived scaffolds. Often, a single modification applied to a given IgG can alter more than one property. The desired effects of an antibody therapeutic should be carefully tailored to the physiology and characteristics of each disease condition. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide-Based Structures.

中文翻译：

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抗体和抗体衍生物可作为癌症治疗剂。

抗体是用于治疗多种疾病的重要疗法。可以对这些通用的大分子进行改造，使其靶向许多不同的抗原，并利用多种作用机理产生药理作用。用于治疗的最常见抗体平台是免疫球蛋白G（IgG）。蛋白质展示和基因工程的进步使IgG的构建和操作得以增强所需的活性，例如增加抗原亲和力，调节药代动力学和增强效应子功能。还可以改变IgG以抑制不希望的作用，例如免疫原性。控制IgG行为的主要方法包括工程化完整IgG的蛋白质序列和糖基化；构建基于IgG的衍生物，包括双特异性和多价结合剂；并将小药物分子或蛋白质融合到IgG衍生的支架上。通常，应用于给定IgG的单一修饰可以改变多个特性。抗体治疗剂的预期效果应根据每种疾病状况的生理和特征进行仔细调整。本文归类于：治疗方法和药物发现>肿瘤疾病治疗方法的纳米药物>新兴技术生物学启发的纳米材料>肽基结构。