Envenomation by the Venezuelan bushmaster snake (Lachesis muta muta) (Serpentes: Viperidae) is characterized by local and cardiac alterations. This study investigates the in vivo cardiac dysfunction, tissue destruction, and cellular processes triggered by Lachesis muta muta snake crude venom and a C-type lectin (CTL)-like toxin named Mutacytin-1 (MC-1). The 28 kDa MC-1 was obtained by molecular exclusion, ion exchange, and C-18 (checking pureness) reverse-phase chromatographies. N-terminal sequencing of the first eight amino acids (NNCPQ LLM) revealed 100% identity with Mutina (CTL-like) isolated from Lachesis stenophrys, which is a Ca2+-dependent-type galactoside-binding lectin from Bothrops jararaca and CTL BpLec from Bothrops pauloensis. The cardiotoxicity in zebrafish of MC-1 was evaluated by means of specific phenotypic expressions and larvae behavior at 5, 15, 30, 40 and 60 min post-treatment. The L. muta muta venom and MC-1 also produced heart rate/rhythm alterations, circulation modifications, and the presence of thrombus and apoptotic phenomenon with pericardial damages. Acridine orange (100 μg/mL) was used to visualize apoptosis cellular process in control and treated whole embryos. The cardiotoxic alterations happened in more than 90% of all larvae under the action of L. muta muta venom and MC-1. The findings have demonstrated the potential cardiotoxicity by L. muta muta venom, suggesting the possibility of cardiovascular damages to patients after bushmaster envenoming.

中文翻译：

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Mutacytin-1，一种新的C型凝集素样蛋白，来自委内瑞拉Cuaima（Lachesis muta muta Linnaeus，1766）（Serpentes：Viperidae）蛇毒诱导斑马鱼（Danio rerio）胚胎发育中的心脏毒性。

委内瑞拉丛林大蛇（Lachesis muta muta）（蛇形：Vi蛇科）的毒蛇化特征是局部和心脏改变。这项研究调查了由Lachesis突变蛇粗毒和一种名为Mutacytin-1（MC-1）的C型凝集素（CTL）样毒素触发的体内心脏功能障碍，组织破坏和细胞过程。通过分子排阻，离子交换和C-18（检查纯度）反相色谱获得28 kDa MC-1。前八个氨基酸（NNCPQ LLM）的N端测序显示与Lachesis stenophrys分离的Mutina（CTL-like）具有100％的同一性，Mutina是取自Bothrops jararaca的Ca2 +依赖型半乳糖苷结合凝集素和来自Bothrops的CTL BpLec保罗。在治疗后5、15、30、40和60分钟，通过特定的表型表达和幼虫行为评估MC-1在斑马鱼中的心脏毒性。突变乳杆菌毒液和MC-1还产生心率/节律改变，血液循环改变，血栓和凋亡现象，并伴有心包损害。用cr啶橙（100μg/ mL）观察对照和处理过的整个胚胎中的细胞凋亡过程。在诱变乳杆菌毒液和MC-1的作用下，超过90％的幼虫都发生了心脏毒性改变。这些发现已经证明了突变乳杆菌的潜在心脏毒性，这表明布什大师毒化后可能会对患者造成心血管损害。muta muta毒液和MC-1还会产生心率/节律改变，血液循环改变以及血栓和凋亡现象的存在，并伴有心包损害。使用cr啶橙（100μg/ mL）观察对照和处理过的整个胚胎中的细胞凋亡过程。在诱变乳杆菌毒液和MC-1的作用下，超过90％的幼虫都发生了心脏毒性改变。这些发现已经证明了突变乳杆菌的潜在心脏毒性，这表明布什大师毒化后可能会对患者造成心血管损害。muta muta毒液和MC-1还会产生心率/节律改变，血液循环改变以及血栓和凋亡现象的存在，并伴有心包损害。使用cr啶橙（100μg/ mL）观察对照和处理过的整个胚胎中的细胞凋亡过程。在诱变乳杆菌毒液和MC-1的作用下，超过90％的幼虫都发生了心脏毒性改变。这些发现已经证明了突变乳杆菌的潜在心脏毒性，这表明布什大师毒化后可能会对患者造成心血管损害。在诱变乳杆菌毒液和MC-1的作用下，超过90％的幼虫都发生了心脏毒性改变。这些发现已经证明了突变乳杆菌的潜在心脏毒性，这表明布什大师毒化后可能会对患者造成心血管损害。在诱变乳杆菌毒液和MC-1的作用下，超过90％的幼虫都发生了心脏毒性改变。这些发现已经证明了突变乳杆菌的潜在心脏毒性，这表明布什大师毒化后可能会对患者造成心血管损害。