Understanding the antecedents of retirement and health is increasingly important given the proportion of older adults in the global workforce. The current study examines the relationship between the demands-ability facet of person-job fit and retirement status and health. The sample consists of older workers and retired adults (N = 383) from the Study of Cognition and Aging in the U.S.A. (a national study of age and cognitive abilities). Objective demands-ability fit was operationalized as the fit between a person's cognitive abilities assessed with an extensive battery of reasoning (fluid abilities) and knowledge (crystallized abilities) and relevant job demands taken from the Occupational Information Network. Results indicated that as the congruence between workers' reasoning abilities and job demands increased, workers reported fewer chronic health conditions. When reasoning abilities required by a job exceeded worker abilities, workers reported more health conditions and were more likely to be retired versus working. Fewer health conditions were reported when reasoning abilities exceeded reasoning job demands. Congruence for knowledge abilities and demands fit was significant only at medium levels of knowledge abilities and demands. Overall, these results suggest that demands-ability fit is relevant to the experience of work in older age. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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年龄和工作适合度：需求能力适合度与退休和健康之间的关系。

考虑到全球劳动力中老年人的比例，了解退休和健康的前提变得越来越重要。当前的研究检验了人与工作的适应能力方面与退休状态和健康之间的关系。该样本由美国认知与衰老研究（年龄和认知能力的全国研究）中的老年工人和退休成年人（N = 383）组成。客观需求能力适合度是通过广泛的推理（流体能力）和知识（结晶能力）评估的一个人的认知能力与从职业信息网络获取的相关工作需求之间的适合度而实施的。结果表明，随着工人推理能力与工作需求之间的一致性提高，工人报告慢性病较少。当一项工作所需的推理能力超出了工人的能力时，工人报告的健康状况更高，与工作相比更可能退休。当推理能力超出推理工作需求时，报告的健康状况较少。知识能力和需求契合度的一致性仅在中等水平的知识能力和需求时才有意义。总体而言，这些结果表明，需求能力的适应性与老年人的工作经验有关。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。当推理能力超出推理工作需求时，报告的健康状况较少。知识能力和需求契合度的一致性仅在中等水平的知识能力和需求时才有意义。总体而言，这些结果表明，需求能力的适应性与老年人的工作经验有关。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。当推理能力超出推理工作需求时，报告的健康状况较少。知识能力和需求契合度的一致性仅在中等水平的知识能力和需求时才有意义。总体而言，这些结果表明，需求能力的适应性与老年人的工作经验有关。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。