Exercise training is widely promoted as a method to enhance both physical health and cognitive function. Although routine exercise engenders physiological adaptations to the body and brain, its effects on mental processing are uncertain. Our review of the experimental evidence reveals that acknowledging the role of skill acquisition may help clarify the exercise-cognition relation. Instructional methods that optimize physical and mental challenge provide the conditions necessary to produce long-term changes in the way individuals process information, make decisions, select movements, and experience the consequences of actions. Main conclusions drawn by intersecting theory-based research on the linkages between chronic exercise and cognitive function and research on the associations of both sport and performance arts with cognitive function are as follows: (1) Exercise may be but one of many types of movement activities that can benefit cognition; (2) the process of skill acquisition provides a parsimonious explanation for outcomes across exercise, sport, and performing art studies; (3) the allocation of mental resources required during skill acquisition, independently from or interactively with the level of physical energy expenditure, is essential for reaping the largest cognitive benefits; and (4) cognitive benefits obtained via skill-acquisition interventions are enduring. This review also highlights issues that call for future research to provide convergent evidence for the relation between skill training and cognition; the inclusion of outcome measures other than executive functions; and a naturalistic translational approach to complement controlled experiments in chronic exercise and cognition and skill learning research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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运动，体育和表演艺术通过一个共同的过程而有助于认知。

运动训练被广泛推广为增强身体健康和认知功能的一种方法。尽管常规锻炼使身体和大脑适应生理，但它对心理加工的影响尚不确定。我们对实验证据的回顾表明，承认技能习得的作用可能有助于阐明运动与认知的关系。优化身体和心理挑战的教学方法提供了必要条件，以使个人处理信息，做出决定，选择动作和体验动作后果的方式发生长期变化。相交的基于理论的关于慢性运动与认知功能之间联系的研究以及有关运动和表演艺术与认知功能之间联系的研究得出的主要结论如下：（1）运动可能只是多种运动活动中的一种可以使认知受益；（2）技能获取过程为运动，运动和表演艺术研究的成果提供了简洁的解释；（3）技能获取过程中所需的智力资源的分配，无论与体力消耗的水平无关或相互影响，对于获得最大的认知收益至关重要；（4）通过技能获取干预获得的认知益处是持久的。这篇综述还着重指出了需要进一步研究的问题，以便为技能培训与认知之间的关系提供融合的证据。包括除执行职能外的其他成果措施；以及一种自然主义的翻译方法，以补充慢性运动，认知和技能学习研究中的受控实验。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。