Diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently based on core symptoms or checklists; however, the inevitability of practitioner subjectivity leads to over- and underdiagnosis. Although the Federal Drug Administration has approved an elevated theta/beta ratio (TBR) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) band as a tool for assisting ADHD diagnosis, several studies have reported no significant differences of the TBR between ADHD and control subjects. This study detailed the development of a method based on approximate entropy (ApEn) analysis of EEG to compare ADHD and control groups. Differences between ADHD presentation in boys and girls indicate the necessity of separate investigations. This study enrolled 30 girls with ADHD and 30 age-matched controls. The results revealed significantly higher ApEn values in most brain areas in the control group than in the ADHD group. Compared with TBR-related feature descriptors, ApEn-related feature descriptors can produce the higher average true positive rate (0.846), average true negative rate (0.814), average accuracy (0.817), and average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value (0.862). Therefore, compared with TBR, ApEn possessed the better potential for differentiating between girls with ADHD and controls.

中文翻译：

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基于熵的定量脑电图分析诊断女孩注意缺陷多动障碍

注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 的诊断目前基于核心症状或检查表；然而，从业者主观性的必然性导致过度诊断和诊断不足。尽管联邦药物管理局已批准将脑电图 (EEG) 带的升高的 theta/beta 比 (TBR) 作为辅助多动症诊断的工具，但几项研究报告称，多动症和对照组之间的 TBR 没有显着差异。本研究详细介绍了一种基于 EEG 近似熵 (ApEn) 分析的方法的开发，以比较 ADHD 组和对照组。男孩和女孩 ADHD 表现之间的差异表明单独调查的必要性。这项研究招募了 30 名患有多动症的女孩和 30 名年龄匹配的对照组。结果显示，对照组的大多数大脑区域的 ApEn 值显着高于 ADHD 组。与TBR相关的特征描述符相比，ApEn相关的特征描述符可以产生更高的平均真阳性率（0.846）、平均真阴性率（0.814）、平均准确率（0.817）和接受者操作特征曲线下的平均面积值（ 0.862）。因此，与 TBR 相比，ApEn 具有更好的区分多动症女孩和对照组的潜力。