Background

The number of fungal infections has increased in recent years in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Epidemiological studies are important for proper control of infections.

Aims

To evaluate the etiology of fungal infections in patients in RS, from 2003 to 2015.

Methods

This is a retrospective and longitudinal study carried out at Mycology Department of Central Laboratory of RS; 13,707 samples were evaluated. The variables sex, age, site of infection, and etiologic agent were analyzed. Susceptibility of Candida to fluconazole was tested in isolates from samples collected in 2015 from 51 outpatients.

Results

Of the 13,707 samples, 840 cases (6.12%) of fungal infections were found and included in the analyses; female gender accounted for the 55.9% of the cases. The main fungus was Candida albicans (450 cases, 53.38%; p < 0.001). Onychomycosis was the most frequent infection in superficial mycoses. Systemic mycoses accounted for 54.05% of the cases, from which 68.8% occurred in males, mainly HIV-positive (33.11%), and the main etiologic agent in these cases was Cryptococcus neoformans (73.13%). Among 51 samples tested for susceptibility to fluconazole, 78.43% of Candida isolates were susceptible; 5.88% were susceptible in a dose-dependent manner, and 15.69% were resistant.

Conclusions

C. albicans is a common cause of fungal infections in RS, accounting for half of the cases; resistance to antifungals was found in non-hospitalized patients. In addition, women seem to be more susceptible to fungal infections than men, however men show more systemic mycoses than women. The nails are the most common site of infection.

中文翻译：

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在巴西南部南里奥格兰德州进行的一项为期12年的真菌感染研究。

背景

近年来，巴西南里奥格兰德州（RS）的真菌感染数量有所增加。流行病学研究对于正确控制感染很重要。

目的

评估2003年至2015年RS患者的真菌感染的病因。

方法

这是在RS中心实验室真菌学部门进行的一项回顾性和纵向研究。评估了13,707个样品。分析了变量性别，年龄，感染部位和病因。在2015年从51位门诊患者中采集的分离物中检测了念珠菌对氟康唑的敏感性。

结果

在13,707份样本中，发现840例（6.12％）真菌感染，并将其包括在分析中。女性占病例的55.9％。主要真菌是白色念珠菌（450例，53.38％；p  <0.001）。灰指甲是浅表真菌病中最常见的感染。全身性真菌病占病例的54.05％，其中男性占68.8％，主要是HIV阳性（33.11％），这些病例的主要病因是新隐球菌（73.13％）。在51个对氟康唑的敏感性测试样品中，有78.43％的念珠菌分离株易感。5.88％的患者呈剂量依赖性，而15.69％的患者具有耐药性。

结论

白色念珠菌是RS中真菌感染的常见原因，占一半。在非住院患者中发现了抗真菌药耐药性。此外，女性似乎比男性更容易受到真菌感染，但是男性比女性表现出更多的全身性真菌病。指甲是最常见的感染部位。