Agriculture has benefited from various conventional techniques for plant breeding, including chemical- or radiation-induced mutagenesis, and to some extent from transgenesis. Genome editing techniques are likely to allow straightforward, cost-effective and efficient gene-specific modifications for identified genetic traits associated to agronomic interest. As for previous plant breeding techniques, genome editing techniques need an appraisal for unintended effects. Hence, an evaluation of potential specific risks associated with genome editing must be considered. The Scientific Committee of the High Council for biotechnology (HCB), using a broad theoretical and literature-based approach, identified three categories of points to consider in terms of hazards in health and environment, as compared to conventional breeding: (1) technical unintended effects related to effector persistence as well as risks associated with off-target modifications or other unintended genome modifications, (2) risks arising from the desired trait and its novelty in the plant, and (3) risks associated with the potential modification of plant breeding practices, owing to efficacy and technical ease-of-use of genome editing (acceleration), be it for single traits or for combined modifications (multiplex genome editing). Due to novelty, HCB also envisions the need for specific risk assessment and management.

中文翻译：

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从DNA到表型的基因组编辑应用中，我们在哪里会有意想不到的影响：专注于植物应用。

农业受益于各种常规的植物育种技术，包括化学诱变或辐射诱变，并在一定程度上受益于转基因。基因组编辑技术很可能允许对与农艺学相关的已鉴定遗传性状进行直接，成本有效和高效的基因特异性修饰。至于以前的植物育种技术，基因组编辑技术需要对意外影响进行评估。因此，必须考虑对与基因组编辑相关的潜在特定风险的评估。生物技术高级理事会（HCB）科学委员会采用了广泛的基于理论和文献的方法，与常规育种相比，确定了三类要考虑的健康和环境危害方面的要点：（1）与效应子持久性有关的技术意外影响以及与脱靶修饰或其他意外基因组修饰相关的风险；（2）由植物中所需的性状及其新颖性引起的风险，以及（3）与该特性相关的风险由于基因组编辑（加速）的功效和技术易用性，无论是单个性状还是组合修饰（多重基因组编辑），都可能对植物育种实践产生潜在的影响。由于新颖性，HCB还预见了需要进行特定的风险评估和管理。（3）基因组编辑（加速）的功效和技术上的易用性，可能对植物育种作法造成潜在的改变，无论是单个性状还是组合修饰（多重基因组编辑）。由于新颖性，HCB还预见了需要进行特定的风险评估和管理。（3）基因组编辑（加速）的功效和技术上的易用性，可能对植物育种作法进行潜在的修改，可能涉及单个性状或组合修改（多重基因组编辑）。由于新颖性，HCB还预见了需要进行特定的风险评估和管理。