Mitogenome sequences have a high potential for possessing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can be used to identify different strains of an organism bred based on maternal lines. The European honey bee, Apis mellifera ligustica (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with a high-hygienic behaviour (HHB) against the external parasitic mite Varroa destructor has been bred for several years in Korea. To distinguish this strain from low-hygienic behaviour (LHB) strains, the complete mitogenome of the two strains were sequenced using next-generation sequencing techniques to detect SNPs. The two mitogenomes with lengths of 16,449 and 16,426 base pairs (bp) in the HHB and LHB strains, respectively, contained a typical set of genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes, plus one non-coding region), exhibited similar-nucleotide compositions, and had an identical gene arrangement compared to other available A. mellifera mitogenomes. The major differences between the HHB and LHB strains included the length of the intergenic spacer sequences located at the COIII and trnG junction (88 vs. 70 bp) and ND4 and ND4L junction (45 vs. 33 bp) and the presence or absence of a duplicated sequence block (CTTTTTTAAAAAAATAAAAA) in the A + T-rich region. Comparison of the mitogenome sequences from the two strains of A. m. ligustica revealed 23 SNPs in 11 protein-coding genes which were confirmed by sequencing of 10 randomly selected individuals from each strain, indicating the usefulness of these SNP markers for identifying the HHB strain of A. m. ligustica. Therefore, mitogenome sequences are a promising genome source for detecting SNP markers, particularly those in inbred female lines.

线粒体基因组序列具有拥有单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的高潜力，可用于鉴定基于母本系繁殖的生物体的不同菌株。欧洲蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica（膜翅目：Apidae），对外界寄生螨Varroa破坏因子具有高卫生行为（HHB）在韩国已经繁殖了几年。为了将此菌株与低卫生行为（LHB）菌株区分开，使用下一代测序技术对这两个菌株的完整有丝分裂基因组进行了测序，以检测SNP。HHB和LHB菌株中两个分别长16449和16426个碱基对（bp）的有丝分裂基因组，包含一组典型的基因（13个蛋白编码基因，2个rRNA基因和22个tRNA基因，以及一个非编码基因）。区域），表现出类似核苷酸的组合物，和相对于其他可用的有一个相同的基因排列西方蜜蜂mitogenomes。HHB和LHB菌株之间的主要差异包括位于COIII和trnG连接处的基因间隔区序列的长度（88对70 bp）和ND4和ND4L交界处（45 vs. 33 bp）以及在富A + T区域中是否存在重复的序列区块（CTTTTTTAAAAAAATAAAAA）。两种A.m.菌株的有丝分裂基因组序列的比较。女贞属揭示了11个蛋白质编码基因中的23个SNP，这些序列通过从每个菌株中随机选择10个个体进行测序而得到证实，表明这些SNP标记物可用于鉴定A.m. HHB菌株。女贞。因此，有丝分裂基因组序列是检测SNP标记，特别是近交雌性系中SNP标记的有希望的基因组来源。