Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have made unbelievable progress in the field of nanotechnology and biomedical research. The proper toxicological assessment of TiO2 NPs and the reduction of its cytotoxicity need to be addressed. Fe doping in TiO2 has been investigated to reduce the toxic effects of TiO2 NPs. Fe doped TiO2 powder samples were synthesized by sol-gel methods. The prepared samples were characterized by x-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy to study their structure, morphology, and molecular conformation. XRD results revealed the coexistence of anatase (A) and rutile (R) phases of TiO2. The A-R transformation was observed with an increase in Fe doping along with the formation of α-Fe2O3 phase. TEM showed changes in morphology from spherical nanoparticles to elongated rod-shaped nanostructures with increasing Fe content. Shape variation of TiO2 nanoparticles after incorporation of Fe is a key reason behind the toxicity reduction. The authors observed that the toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles was rescued upon Fe incorporation. The effect of NPs on the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using flow cytometry. The MMP (%) decreased in TiO2 treated cells and increased by 1% Fe doped TiO2 NPs treated cells. Confocal imaging revealed the presence of functional mitochondria upon the exposure of Fe doped TiO2 NPs. The goal of the present study was to decrease the toxic effects induced by TiO2 NPs on mitochondrial potential and its prevention by Fe doping.

中文翻译：

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TiO2和Fe掺杂的TiO2纳米颗粒对HBL-100细胞线粒体膜电位的影响。

二氧化钛（TiO2）纳米颗粒（NPs）在纳米技术和生物医学研究领域取得了令人难以置信的进步。TiO2 NPs的适当毒理学评估及其细胞毒性的降低尚需解决。已经研究了在TiO2中掺杂铁以减少TiO2 NP的毒性作用。采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了铁掺杂的TiO2粉末样品。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD），透射电子显微镜（TEM）和拉曼光谱对制备的样品进行表征，以研究其结构，形态和分子构象。XRD结果显示了TiO2的锐钛矿（A）和金红石（R）相共存。随着Fe掺杂的增加以及α-Fe2O3相的形成，观察到了AR转变。TEM显示随着Fe含量的增加，从球形纳米颗粒到细长的棒状纳米结构的形态变化。掺入Fe后TiO2纳米颗粒的形状变化是毒性降低的关键原因。作者观察到，TiO 2纳米粒子的毒性在掺入Fe后得以挽救。使用流式细胞仪评估NP对线粒体膜电位（MMP）的影响。在TiO2处理的细胞中MMP（％）降低，而在掺Fe的TiO2 NPs处理的细胞中MMP（％）升高。共聚焦成像显示Fe掺杂的TiO2 NPs暴露后功能性线粒体的存在。本研究的目的是减少TiO2 NPs诱导的线粒体电位毒性，并通过铁掺杂来预防。掺入Fe后TiO2纳米颗粒的形状变化是毒性降低的关键原因。作者观察到，TiO 2纳米粒子的毒性在掺入Fe后得以挽救。使用流式细胞仪评估NP对线粒体膜电位（MMP）的影响。在TiO2处理的细胞中MMP（％）降低，而在掺Fe的TiO2 NPs处理的细胞中MMP（％）升高。共聚焦成像显示Fe掺杂的TiO2 NPs暴露后功能性线粒体的存在。本研究的目的是减少TiO2 NPs诱导的线粒体电位毒性，并通过铁掺杂来预防。掺入Fe后TiO2纳米颗粒的形状变化是毒性降低的关键原因。作者观察到，TiO 2纳米粒子的毒性在掺入Fe后得以挽救。使用流式细胞仪评估NP对线粒体膜电位（MMP）的影响。在TiO2处理的细胞中MMP（％）降低，而在掺Fe的TiO2 NPs处理的细胞中MMP（％）升高。共聚焦成像显示Fe掺杂的TiO2 NPs暴露后功能性线粒体的存在。本研究的目的是减少TiO2 NPs诱导的线粒体电位毒性，并通过铁掺杂来预防。使用流式细胞仪评估NP对线粒体膜电位（MMP）的影响。在TiO2处理的细胞中MMP（％）降低，而在掺Fe的TiO2 NPs处理的细胞中MMP（％）升高。共聚焦成像显示Fe掺杂的TiO2 NPs暴露后功能性线粒体的存在。本研究的目的是减少TiO2 NPs诱导的线粒体电位毒性，并通过铁掺杂来预防。使用流式细胞仪评估NP对线粒体膜电位（MMP）的影响。在TiO2处理的细胞中MMP（％）降低，而在掺Fe的TiO2 NPs处理的细胞中MMP（％）升高。共聚焦成像显示Fe掺杂的TiO2 NPs暴露后功能性线粒体的存在。本研究的目的是减少TiO2 NPs诱导的线粒体电位毒性，并通过铁掺杂来预防。