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The evolving spirit: morals and mutualism in Arabella Buckley's evolutionary epic.
Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-12-20 , DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2016.0056
Jordan Larsen 1, 2
Affiliation  

Contemporaries of Charles Darwin were divided on reconciling his theory of natural selection with religion and morality. Although Alfred Russel Wallace stands out as a spiritualist advocate of natural selection who rejected a natural origin of morality, the science popularizer and spiritualist Arabella Buckley (1840-1929) offers a more representative example of how theists, whether spiritualist or more orthodox in their religion, found reconciliation. Unlike Wallace, Buckley emphasized the lawful evolution of morality and of the soul, drawing from the theological tradition of traducianism. Significantly, Buckley argued for a mutualistic and deeply theistic interpretation of Darwinian evolution, particularly the evolution of morals, without sacrificing the uniformity of natural law. Though Buckley's understanding of the evolutionary epic has been represented as emphasizing mutualism (Gates 1998) and spiritualist theology (Lightman 2007), here I demonstrate that her distinctive addition to the debate lies in her unifying theory of traducianism. In contrast to other authors, I argue that through Buckley we better understand Victorian spiritualism as more of a religion than an occult science. However, it was a conception of religion that, through her evolutionary traducianism, bridged science and spiritualism. This offers historians a more complex but satisfying image of the Victorian worldview after Darwin.

中文翻译:

不断发展的精神:阿拉贝拉·巴克利(Arabella Buckley)的进化史诗中的道德与共生。

查尔斯·达尔文(Charles Darwin)的同时代人在使他的自然选择理论与宗教和道德相协调方面存在分歧。尽管阿尔弗雷德·罗素·华莱士(Alfred Russel Wallace)坚决反对道德的自然起源,但他是自然选择的唯心论者,但科学传播家和唯物论者阿拉贝拉·巴克利(Arabella Buckley(1840-1929))提供了一个更具代表性的例子,说明了有神论者,无论是宗教信仰上的还是更为正统的,发现对帐。与华莱士不同,巴克利从特拉杜卡式的神学传统中强调道德和灵魂的合法演变。值得注意的是,巴克利主张在不牺牲自然法的统一性的情况下,对达尔文主义的进化,特别是道德的进化,进行一种互惠和深刻的神学解释。虽然巴克利 对进化史诗的理解被表示为强调互惠主义(盖茨,1998年)和唯心论神学(莱特曼,2007年),在这里,我证明了她对辩论的独特贡献在于她对特拉杜式主义的统一理论。与其他作者相反,我认为,通过巴克利,我们更好地将维多利亚时代的唯心主义理解为一种宗教,而不是神秘科学。然而,宗教的概念通过她的进化论导论,将科学和精神主义联系起来。这为历史学家提供了达尔文之后维多利亚时代世界观的更为复杂但令人满意的形象。我认为,通过巴克利,我们可以更好地将维多利亚时代的唯心主义理解为一种宗教,而不是一种神秘科学。然而,宗教的概念通过她的进化论导论,将科学和精神主义联系起来。这为历史学家提供了达尔文之后维多利亚时代世界观的更为复杂但令人满意的形象。我认为,通过巴克利,我们更好地将维多利亚时代的唯心主义理解为一种宗教,而不是一种神秘科学。然而,宗教的概念通过她的进化论导论,将科学和精神主义联系起来。这为历史学家提供了达尔文之后维多利亚时代世界观的更为复杂但令人满意的形象。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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