Most known trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) gravitationally scattering off the giant planets have orbital inclinations consistent with an origin from the classical Kuiper belt, but a small fraction of these "scattering TNOs" have inclinations that are far too large (i > 45°) for this origin. These scattering outliers have previously been proposed to be interlopers from the Oort cloud or evidence of an undiscovered planet. Here we test these hypotheses using N-body simulations and the 69 centaurs and scattering TNOs detected in the Outer Solar Systems Origins Survey and its predecessors. We confirm that observed scattering objects cannot solely originate from the classical Kuiper belt, and we show that both the Oort cloud and a distant planet generate observable highly inclined scatterers. Although the number of highly inclined scatterers from the Oort Cloud is ~3 times less than observed, Oort cloud enrichment from the Sun's galactic migration or birth cluster could resolve this. Meanwhile, a distant, low-eccentricity 5 M⊕ planet replicates the observed fraction of highly inclined scatterers, but the overall inclination distribution is more excited than observed. Furthermore, the distant planet generates a longitudinal asymmetry among detached TNOs that is less extreme than often presumed, and its direction reverses across the perihelion range spanned by known TNOs. More complete models that explore the dynamical origins of the planet are necessary to further study these features. With observational biases well-characterized, our work shows that the orbital distribution of detected scattering bodies is a powerful constraint on the unobserved distant solar system.

中文翻译：

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奥索斯。十五．利用观测到的散射 TNO 探测遥远的太阳系


大多数已知的海王星外天体 (TNO) 通过重力散射离开巨行星，其轨道倾角与经典柯伊伯带的起源一致，但这些“散射 TNO” 中的一小部分具有太大的倾角 (i > 45 °) 为这个原点。这些分散的异常值此前曾被认为是来自奥尔特云的闯入者或未被发现的行星的证据。在这里，我们使用 N 体模拟以及在外太阳系起源巡天及其前身中检测到的 69 个半人马和散射海天体来测试这些假设。我们证实，观测到的散射物体不能仅仅源自经典柯伊伯带，并且我们表明奥尔特云和遥远的行星都会产生可观测到的高度倾斜的散射体。尽管来自奥尔特云的高度倾斜散射体的数量比观测到的要少约 3 倍，但来自太阳银河系迁移或诞生星团的奥尔特云富集可以解决这个问题。与此同时，一颗遥远的低偏心率 5 M⊕ 行星复制了观测到的高倾斜散射体部分，但整体倾角分布比观测到的更令人兴奋。此外，这颗遥远的行星在分离的海天体之间产生了纵向不对称，这种不对称性没有通常假设的那么极端，并且它的方向在已知海天体跨越的近日点范围内发生逆转。为了进一步研究这些特征，需要更完整的模型来探索地球的动力学起源。通过充分表征观测偏差，我们的工作表明，探测到的散射体的轨道分布是对未观测到的遥远太阳系的强大限制。