Many factors, such as endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and hemostatic disturbances, affect formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. In our study, we have focused on hemostatic disturbances with particular emphasis on the extrinsic pathways of coagulation. Thrombin is a main enzyme of coagulation and it is engaged in many different subprocesses. It leads to activation of factors of the coagulation cascade, transition of fibrinogen to fibrin monomer, endothelial damage, inflammation, activation of platelets and proliferation. In our study, selected aspects of disorders in prothrombotic states influenced by cigarette smoke have been modeled and analyzed. Tobacco-induced increased tissue factor, which is associated with less plasminogen activator and increased plasminogen activator-1 inhibitor, has been included in the presented model. These disorders together with accompanying inflammatory state are closely related to thrombus formation and cardiovascular disease promotion. The proposed model has been built using Petri nets and the analysis has been based mainly on t-invariants. Using the Petri net theory to model and analyze the investigated phenomena allows to better understand them by revealing some interesting dependencies in the studied biological system. It explains how tobacco smoke affects the analyzed processes and how harmful these effects are.

中文翻译：

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烟草引起的血栓前状态、炎症和氧化应激的选定方面：使用 Petri 网进行建模和分析。


许多因素，如内皮功能障碍、炎症和止血障碍，影响动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成和进展。在我们的研究中，我们关注止血障碍，特别强调凝血的外在途径。凝血酶是凝血的主要酶，参与许多不同的子过程。它导致凝血级联因子的激活、纤维蛋白原向纤维蛋白单体的转变、内皮损伤、炎症、血小板激活和增殖。在我们的研究中，对受香烟烟雾影响的血栓前状态疾病的选定方面进行了建模和分析。烟草诱导的组织因子增加与纤溶酶原激活剂减少和纤溶酶原激活剂 1 抑制剂增加相关，已包含在该模型中。这些疾病以及伴随的炎症状态与血栓形成和心血管疾病的促进密切相关。所提出的模型是使用 Petri 网构建的，并且分析主要基于 t 不变量。使用 Petri 网理论对所研究的现象进行建模和分析，可以通过揭示所研究的生物系统中一些有趣的依赖性来更好地理解它们。它解释了烟草烟雾如何影响分析过程以及这些影响的危害有多大。