BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Climate change is an emerging issue particularly in the context of vector-borne diseases. A study was undertaken in Nainital and Almora districts of Uttarakhand to provide evidences of changing climatic conditions, abundance of vectors, and knocking of malaria in hilly areas. MATERIAL AND METHODS Longitudinal data on temperature and relative humidity were procured from Tussar Silk Centre, Bhimtal, India as well as generated using HOBO device. Monthly density of malaria vectors, their positivity for sporozoite proteins of malaria parasite and fever surveys were conducted as per the standard procedures from 2010 to 2013. Epidemiological data were procured from the State Programme Officer of Uttarakhand state. RESULTS It was found that the temperature has increased since 1990 resulting in extension in windows of malaria transmission, temporal distribution as well as man hour density of Anopheles culicifacies and An. fluviatilis in hilly districts of Uttarakhand state. Both the vectors were found in high density up to a maximum man hour density of 110 (An. culicifacies) and 69 (An. fluviatilis) as compared to 32 and 33, respectively during 1998. The field collected vector species were also found positive for sporozoite proteins of malaria parasites in the month of October and November. Evidence of occurrence of malaria cases was also found in areas hitherto free from malaria. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The findings reveal that Himalayan region needs attention to strengthen surveillance for malaria to identify emerging new foci of malaria transmission in view of climate change. Health education to communities about preventive measures to contain breeding of vectors and seeking timely treatment should be imparted so as to achieve the goal of malaria elimination in category-1 in the first instance.

中文翻译：

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北阿坎德邦（印度）气候变化后消除疟疾的准备工作。

背景与目标 气候变化是一个新出现的问题，尤其是在病媒传播疾病的背景下。在北阿坎德邦的奈尼塔尔和阿尔莫拉地区进行了一项研究，以提供气候条件变化、媒介丰富和山区疟疾流行的证据。材料和方法温度和相对湿度的纵向数据来自印度比姆塔尔的 Tussar Silk Centre，并使用 HOBO 设备生成。从 2010 年到 2013 年，按照标准程序进行了每月疟疾病媒密度、疟疾寄生虫子孢子蛋白阳性率和发烧调查。流行病学数据从北阿坎德邦州项目官员处获得。结果 发现自 1990 年以来温度升高导致疟疾传播窗口、时间分布以及按蚊和 Anopheles culicifacies 的工时密度延长。北阿坎德邦丘陵地区的fluviatilis。两种载体都以高密度被发现，最高工时密度为 110（An. culicifacies）和 69（An.fluviatilis），而 1998 年分别为 32 和 33。 10 月和 11 月疟疾寄生虫的子孢子蛋白。在迄今为止没有疟疾的地区也发现了发生疟疾病例的证据。解释 ＆结论 研究结果表明，鉴于气候变化，喜马拉雅地区需要注意加强疟疾监测，以确定新出现的疟疾传播病灶。开展社区健康教育，开展遏制病媒孳生、及时救治的健康教育，率先实现消灭一类疟疾的目标。