Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms for the degradation or removal of contaminants. Most bioremediation research has focused on processes performed by the domain Bacteria; however, Archaea are known to play important roles in many situations. In extreme conditions, such as halophilic or acidophilic environments, Archaea are well suited for bioremediation. In other conditions, Archaea collaboratively work alongside Bacteria during biodegradation. In this review, the various roles that Archaea have in bioremediation is covered, including halophilic hydrocarbon degradation, acidophilic hydrocarbon degradation, hydrocarbon degradation in nonextreme environments such as soils and oceans, metal remediation, acid mine drainage, and dehalogenation. Research needs are addressed in these areas. Beyond bioremediation, these processes are important for wastewater treatment (particularly industrial wastewater treatment) and help in the understanding of the natural microbial ecology of several Archaea genera.

中文翻译：

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生物修复中古菌的多样性和生态位。

生物修复是利用微生物降解或去除污染物。大多数生物修复研究都集中在细菌领域执行的过程。然而，众所周知，古细菌在许多情况下都发挥着重要作用。在极端条件下，例如嗜盐或嗜酸环境，古细菌非常适合生物修复。在其他条件下，古细菌在生物降解过程中与细菌一起协作。在这篇综述中，涵盖了古细菌在生物修复中的各种作用，包括嗜盐碳氢化合物降解、嗜酸碳氢化合物降解、非极端环境（如土壤和海洋）中的碳氢化合物降解、金属修复、酸性矿山排水和脱卤。这些领域的研究需求得到满足。除了生物修复之外，这些过程对于废水处理（特别是工业废水处理）也很重要，并有助于了解几个古生菌属的自然微生物生态。