Objectives. To investigate brain abnormalities in adolescents with new-onset bipolar disorder (BD) during acute hypomanic and depressive episodes using electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis and to derive a computer-based method for diagnosis of the disorder. Methods. EEG spectral power and entropy of 21 adolescents with BD (included 11 patients in the hypomanic episode and 10 patients in the depressive episode) and 18 healthy adolescents were compared. Moreover, using significant differences and K-nearest-neighbors (KNN) classifier, it was attempted to distinguish the BD adolescents from normal ones. Results. The BD adolescents had higher values of spectral power in all frequency bands, particularly in the frontocentral, mid-temporal, and right parietal regions. Also, spectral entropy had significantly increased in delta, alpha, and gamma frequency bands for BD. A high accuracy of 95.8% was achieved by all significant differences in the alpha band in discriminating adolescents with BD. The depressive state showed higher values of spectral power and entropy in low-frequency bands (delta and theta) compared to the hypomanic state. Conclusion. Based on BD symptoms, especially inattention, increased alpha power is a rational finding which is associated with thalamus dysfunction. Thus, it seems that EEG alpha oscillation is the main source of abnormality in BD. Furthermore, EEG slowing in the depressive episode is related to inhibition of electrical activity and reduced cognitive functions.

中文翻译：

---

大脑额中央区 α 活动异常作为诊断青少年双相情感障碍的生物标志物

目标。使用脑电图 (EEG) 分析研究新发双相情感障碍 (BD) 青少年在急性轻躁狂和抑郁发作期间的大脑异常，并推导出一种基于计算机的诊断方法。方法。比较了 21 名患有 BD 的青少年（包括 11 名轻躁狂发作患者和 10 名抑郁发作患者）和 18 名健康青少年的脑电图谱功率和熵。此外，使用显着差异和 K 近邻 (KNN) 分类器，尝试将 BD 青少年与正常青少年区分开来。结果。BD 青少年在所有频带中都有更高的频谱功率值，特别是在额中央、颞中和右顶叶区域。此外，光谱熵在 delta、alpha、和 BD 的伽马频段。α 波段的所有显着差异在区分患有 BD 的青少年时达到了 95.8% 的高精度。与轻躁狂状态相比，抑郁状态在低频段（delta 和 theta）中显示出更高的频谱功率和熵值。结论。基于 BD 症状，尤其是注意力不集中，α 功率增加是一个与丘脑功能障碍相关的合理发现。因此，EEG α 振荡似乎是 BD 异常的主要来源。此外，抑郁发作中的脑电图减慢与电活动的抑制和认知功能的降低有关。与轻躁狂状态相比，抑郁状态在低频段（delta 和 theta）中显示出更高的频谱功率和熵值。结论。基于 BD 症状，尤其是注意力不集中，α 功率增加是一个与丘脑功能障碍相关的合理发现。因此，EEG α 振荡似乎是 BD 异常的主要来源。此外，抑郁发作中的脑电图减慢与电活动的抑制和认知功能的降低有关。与轻躁狂状态相比，抑郁状态在低频段（delta 和 theta）中显示出更高的频谱功率和熵值。结论。基于 BD 症状，尤其是注意力不集中，α 功率增加是一个与丘脑功能障碍相关的合理发现。因此，EEG α 振荡似乎是 BD 异常的主要来源。此外，抑郁发作中的脑电图减慢与电活动的抑制和认知功能的降低有关。