Petitions by custodial parents to relocate children away from non-custodial parents present difficult choices for family courts. In the current study, the sample (N = 81) was randomly recruited through the children's schools according to the following criteria: Children were 12 years old and at the time resided primarily with their mothers; mothers had been living with a male partner "acting in a father role" for at least the previous year. Thirty-eight children had been separated by more than an hour's drive from their biological fathers due to either their mothers or fathers relocating. The data were collected from two reporters (children and mothers) at five time points (child ages 12.5, 14, 15.5, 19.5, and 22) by trained interviewers using standardized measures with adequate reliability and validity. Long-distance separation from biological fathers prior to age 12 was linked in adolescence and young adulthood to serious behavior problems, anxiety and depression symptoms, and disturbed relationships with all three parental figures (i.e., biological fathers, mothers, and step-fathers). These associations held after controlling for mother-stepfather conflict and domestic violence, mothers' family income, and mother-biological father relationship quality. These longitudinal findings over time replicated the cross-sectional findings of Braver, Ellman, and Fabricius (2003) and Fabricius and Braver (2006). Policy implications for parental long-distance relocation following separation are discussed.

中文翻译：

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童年分离后父母搬迁与青春期和年轻成年期适应不良之间的关联。

监护父母提出的将儿童迁离非监护父母的请求为家庭法院提供了困难的选择。在本研究中，样本（N = 81）是根据以下标准通过儿童学校随机招募的：儿童为12岁，当时主要与母亲一起居住；母亲至少在前一年与“扮演父亲角色”的男性伴侣生活在一起。由于母亲或父亲移居，有38个孩子与亲生父亲相距一个多小时的车程。数据是由训练有素的访调员在五个时间点（儿童分别为12.5、14、15.5、19.5和22）从两个记者（儿童和母亲）收集的，并使用具有足够可靠性和有效性的标准化措施。在青春期和成年后，与亲生父亲的长途离婚与严重的行为问题，焦虑和抑郁症状以及与所有三个父母身分（即亲生父亲，母亲和继父）的关系不佳有关。这些协会是在控制了继父继母的冲突和家庭暴力，母亲的家庭收入以及父亲与母亲之间的生物学关系质量之后成立的。这些随时间变化的纵向发现重复了Braver，Ellman和Fabricius（2003）以及Fabricius和Braver（2006）的横截面发现。讨论了分居后父母长途搬迁的政策含义。以及与所有三个父母形象（即亲生父亲，母亲和继父）的关系受到干扰。这些协会是在控制了继父继母的冲突和家庭暴力，母亲的家庭收入以及父亲与母亲之间的生物学关系质量之后成立的。这些随时间变化的纵向发现重复了Braver，Ellman和Fabricius（2003）以及Fabricius和Braver（2006）的横截面发现。讨论了分居后父母长途搬迁的政策含义。以及与所有三个父母形象（即亲生父亲，母亲和继父）的关系受到干扰。这些协会是在控制了继父继母的冲突和家庭暴力，母亲的家庭收入以及父亲与母亲之间的生物学关系质量之后成立的。这些随时间变化的纵向发现重复了Braver，Ellman和Fabricius（2003）以及Fabricius和Braver（2006）的横截面发现。讨论了分居后父母长途搬迁的政策含义。这些随时间变化的纵向发现重复了Braver，Ellman和Fabricius（2003）以及Fabricius和Braver（2006）的横截面发现。讨论了分居后父母长途搬迁的政策含义。这些随时间变化的纵向发现重复了Braver，Ellman和Fabricius（2003）以及Fabricius和Braver（2006）的横截面发现。讨论了分居后父母长途搬迁的政策含义。