Acute and chronic stress have dissociable effects on reward sensitivity, and a better understanding of these effects promises to elucidate the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders, particularly depression. Recent preclinical and human findings suggest that stress particularly affects reward anticipation; chronic stress perturbates dopamine signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum; and such effects are further moderated by early adversities. Additionally, a systems-level approach is uncovering the interplay among striatal, limbic and control networks giving rise to stress-related, blunted reward sensitivity. Together, this cross-species confluence has not only enriched our understanding of stress-reward links but also highlighted the role of neuropeptides and opioid receptors in such effects, and thereby identified novel targets for stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.

急性和慢性压力对奖赏敏感性具有独立的影响，更好地理解这些影响有望阐明压力相关疾病（尤其是抑郁症）的病理生理学。最近的临床前和人类研究结果表明，压力尤其会影响奖励预期。慢性压力扰乱内侧前额皮质和腹侧纹状体的多巴胺信号传导；早期的逆境进一步减弱了这种影响。此外，系统级方法正在揭示纹状体、边缘和控制网络之间的相互作用，从而导致与压力相关的、钝化的奖励敏感性。总之，这种跨物种的融合不仅丰富了我们对压力-奖励联系的理解，而且还强调了神经肽和阿片受体在这种效应中的作用，从而确定了与压力相关的神经精神疾病的新靶标。