Anolis lizards have served as important research models in fields ranging from evolution and ecology to physiology and biomechanics. However, anoles are also emerging as important models for studies of embryo development and tissue regeneration. The increased use of anoles in the laboratory has produced a need to establish effective methods of anesthesia, both for routine veterinary procedures and for research procedures. Therefore, we tested the efficacy of different anesthetic treatments in adult female Anolis sagrei. Alfaxalone, dexmedetomidine, hydromorphone, ketamine and tribromoethanol were administered subcutaneously (SC), either alone or combined at varying doses in a total of 64 female anoles. Drug induction time, duration, anesthesia level and adverse effects were assessed. Differences in anesthesia level were observed depending on injection site and drug combination. Alfaxalone/dexmedetomidine and tribromoethanol/dexmedetomidine were the most effective drug combinations for inducing a surgical plane of anesthesia in anoles. Brown anoles injected SC with alfaxalone (30 mg/kg) plus dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) or with tribromoethanol (400 mg/kg) plus dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) experienced mean durations of surgical anesthesia levels of 31.2 ± 5.3 and 87.5 ± 19.8 min with full recovery after another 10.9 ± 2.9 and 46.2 ± 41.8 min, respectively. Hydromorphone given with alfaxalone/dexmedetomidine resulted in deep anesthesia with respiratory depression, while ketamine/hydromorphone/dexmedetomidine produced only light to moderate sedation. We determined that alfaxalone/dexmedetomidine or tribromoethanol/dexmedetomidine combinations were sufficient to maintain a lizard under general anesthesia for coeliotomy. This study represents a significant step towards understanding the effects of anesthetic agents in anole lizards and will benefit both veterinary care and research on these animals.

中文翻译：

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对棕色Anole蜥蜴（Anolis sagrei）中可注射麻醉剂的系统研究。

蜥蜴蜥蜴在从进化和生态学到生理学和生物力学的领域中已成为重要的研究模型。然而，肛门也正成为研究胚胎发育和组织再生的重要模型。实验室中对肛门的使用增加，因此需要建立有效的麻醉方法，以用于常规的兽医程序和研究程序。因此，我们测试了成年雌性Anolis sagrei不同麻醉方法的疗效。皮下（SC）单独或组合使用不同剂量的Alfaxalone，右美托咪定，氢吗啡酮，氯胺酮和三溴乙醇，总共64只雌性肛门。评估药物诱导时间，持续时间，麻醉水平和不良反应。观察到麻醉水平的差异取决于注射部位和药物组合。阿尔法沙酮/右美托咪定和三溴乙醇/右美托咪定是在肛门中诱导麻醉手术平面的最有效药物组合。注射Analxalone（30 mg / kg）加右美托咪定（0.1 mg / kg）或三溴乙醇（400 mg / kg）加右美托咪定（0.1 mg / kg）的褐皮动物经历的平均手术麻醉时间为31.2±5.3和87.5 ±19.8分钟，再分别恢复10.9±2.9和46.2±41.8分钟，即可完全恢复。氢吗啡酮与阿法沙酮/右美托咪定联合使用可导致深度麻醉并伴有呼吸抑制，而氯胺酮/氢吗啡酮/右美托咪定仅产生轻度至中度镇静作用。我们确定，在全身麻醉下进行全结肠切开术时，阿法沙酮/右美托咪定或三溴乙醇/右美托咪定的组合足以维持蜥蜴。这项研究代表了迈向了解麻醉剂在蜥蜴蜥蜴中作用的重要一步，并且将有利于兽医保健和对这些动物的研究。