Innate immunity plays a central role in neoplasms, including those affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Nowadays, tumors classification, especially that regarding gliomas, is based on molecular features such as mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes and the presence of co-deletion 1p/19q. Therapy, in most cases, is based on surgery, radiotherapy, and pharmacological treatment with chemotherapeutic agents such as temozolomide. However, the results of the treatments, after many decades, are not completely satisfactory. There is a class of drugs, used to treat cancer, which modulates immune response; in this class, the immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines play a prominent role. These drugs were evaluated for the treatment of gliomas, but they exhibited a poor outcome in clinical trials. Those scarce results could be due to the response of tumor-associated macrophage that creates imbalances between innate and adaptive immunity and changes in blood-brain barrier properties. Here, we have briefly reviewed the current literature on this topic, focusing on the possible role for innate immunity in the failure of immunotherapies against brain tumors.

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脑胶质瘤的免疫疗法：我们是否认为没有先天免疫？

先天免疫在肿瘤中起着中心作用，包括那些影响中枢神经系统（CNS）的肿瘤。如今，肿瘤分类，特别是关于神经胶质瘤的分类，是基于分子特征，例如异柠檬酸脱氢酶（IDH）基因突变和共缺失1p / 19q。在大多数情况下，治疗的基础是手术，放疗和使用替莫唑胺等化学治疗剂的药物治疗。然而，数十年后的治疗结果并不完全令人满意。一类用于治疗癌症的药物可调节免疫反应。在这一类中，免疫检查点抑制剂和疫苗起着重要作用。对这些药物用于神经胶质瘤的治疗进行了评估，但在临床试验中显示出较差的结果。那些稀缺的结果可能是由于肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的反应所致，该反应在先天免疫和适应性免疫之间以及血脑屏障特性的变化之间造成了失衡。在这里，我们简要回顾了有关该主题的最新文献，重点介绍了先天性免疫在针对脑肿瘤的免疫疗法失败中的可能作用。