Abstract Propolis, a natural bee product, has both antimicrobial/antifungal and antioxidant characteristics. Active substances having antimicrobial and antifungal effects are used to avoid infections, which develop during long treatment process of chronic wounds. Antioxidant substances protect wound areas against the effect of free radicals and accelerate the healing process. For this purpose, propolis was used to develop topical liposome formulations for wound treatment. Characterization studies (particle size distribution, polydispersity index, Zeta Potential, morphology pH, loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, in-vitro release behaviour) as well as stability studies were performed. Then in-vitro antioxidant (free radical scavenging capacity and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) and antimicrobial/antifungal activities of formulations have been evaluated. The particle size of formulations was found within the range of 300–750 nm depending on the concentration of lipid and water phase in the formulation. The Zeta Potential and pH values of optimum formulation were −23.0 ± 0.666 and 6.34, respectively. Loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency were 66.535 ± 2.705% and 57.321 ± 2.448%. At the end of 8 h, 48.16% of propolis was released and the formulations were found stable during 3 months at +4 °C. Drug loaded liposome formulations significantly scavenged the ABTS+ radical in a dose-dependent manner of propolis when compared with unloaded liposome formulations (p < 0.05). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of liposomes ranged from 512 to 128 μg/mL for bacteria and 256 to 128 μg/mL for fungi. Overall results showed that effective and innovative alternative was developed for topical application in wound treatment with propolis loaded liposomal formulations having antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.

中文翻译：

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蜂胶负载脂质体：抗菌和抗氧化活性的评价

摘要 蜂胶是一种天然蜂产品，具有抗菌/抗真菌和抗氧化特性。具有抗微生物和抗真菌作用的活性物质用于避免在慢性伤口的长期治疗过程中发生的感染。抗氧化物质保护伤口区域免受自由基的影响并加速愈合过程。为此，蜂胶被用于开发用于伤口治疗的局部脂质体制剂。进行了表征研究（粒度分布、多分散指数、Zeta 电位、形态 pH、负载能力、封装效率、体外释放行为）以及稳定性研究。然后评估了制剂的体外抗氧化能力（自由基清除能力和 trolox 等效抗氧化能力）和抗微生物/抗真菌活性。根据制剂中脂质和水相的浓度，发现制剂的粒径在 300-750 nm 范围内。最佳配方的 Zeta 电位和 pH 值分别为 -23.0 ± 0.666 和 6.34。负载能力和封装效率分别为 66.535±2.705% 和 57.321±2.448%。在 8 小时结束时，48.16% 的蜂胶被释放，并且发现配方在 +4°C 下 3 个月内保持稳定。与未装载的脂质体制剂相比，载药脂质体制剂以剂量依赖性方式显着清除蜂胶的 ABTS+ 自由基（p < 0.05）。脂质体的最小抑菌浓度 (MIC) 值范围为细菌的 512 至 128 μg/mL 和真菌的 256 至 128 μg/mL。总体结果表明，开发了有效和创新的替代方案，用于伤口治疗的局部应用，其中含有具有抗氧化和抗菌作用的蜂胶脂质体制剂。