Between 1922 and 1934, three pamphlets and a series of articles on mental hygiene were published in important newspapers in Lima, Peru. Their authors were Hermilio Valdizán and Honorio Delgado, two members of the first generation of psychiatrists in the country. These mass publications aimed to educate the population on what mental illness was, as well as its causes and symptoms. In addition, they sought to promote the figure of the psychiatrist as a specialist in "madness" whose recommendations should be heeded in family life. To that end, these publications contained true cases, related in melodramatic language, in order to reach a broader audience. Beyond their educative intention, these publications used ideas that Peruvian elites held about racial differentiation, because they were aimed at White and mestizo readers and had the express intention of preventing racial "degeneration." The analysis of this primary source material is complemented with other texts by Valdizán that sought to comprehend the manifestations of insanity among Native Peruvians, for which he used degeneration theory to explain the degree of "backwardness" observed among the races that were considered inferior. This article seeks to analyze the viewpoints held on racial differences by the most significant members of Peru's first generation of psychiatrists, in which degeneration theory was key in explaining the differences between human groups and in justifying the superiority of Whites and Western culture in the Peruvian state's mestizo identity initiative. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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种族退化，精神卫生和秘鲁精神病学的开端（1922-1934）。

在1922年至1934年之间，在秘鲁利马的重要报纸上发表了三本有关精神卫生的小册子和一系列文章。他们的作者是该国第一代精神科医生的两名成员HermilioValdizán和Honorio Delgado。这些大众出版物的目的是教育人们什么是精神疾病，及其病因和症状。此外，他们试图提高精神科医生作为“疯狂”专家的形象，在家庭生活中应注意其建议。为此，这些出版物包含与叙事语言相关的真实案例，以便吸引更多的读者。除了他们的教育目的，这些出版物还使用了秘鲁精英关于种族分化的观点，因为它们针对的是白人和混血儿读者，并且明确表示了防止种族“堕落”的意图。瓦尔迪赞（Valdizán）对其他主要文献的分析得到了补充，他试图理解秘鲁土著人中精神错乱的表现，为此他用简并论来解释在劣等种族中观察到的“落后”程度。本文旨在分析秘鲁第一代精神科医生最重要成员对种族差异的观点，其中变性理论对于解释人类群体之间的差异以及证明白人和西方文化在秘鲁国家精神中的优越性至关重要。混血儿身份倡议。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，