The aims of this study were to analyse the occurrence of aflatoxins, aflatoxin M1 (AFM₁), fumonisins, ochratoxin A (OTA), patulin (PAT), zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in foodstuffs consumed in Chile between 2008 and 2017 and to estimate the contribution of main contaminated foodstuff in human exposure by the probable daily intake (PDI) estimation. In 9 years of surveillance, 2020 food samples were analysed with an occurrence of 18.2% and with 2.7% of the samples being over the Chilean regulation. The occurrence of mycotoxins in food were 16% for aflatoxins, 6% for AFM₁, 30% for OTA, 12% for DON, 7% for PAT, 21% for fumonisins and 2% for ZEN. The estimated median PDI of DON because of bread consumption was 129.2 ng/kg bw/day for children and 96.0 ng/kg bw/day in adults. Median PDI because of capsicum consumption was 0.006 ng/kg bw/day for OTA and 0.005 ng/kg bw/day for aflatoxins. Median PDI of aflatoxins was estimated at 0.02 ng/kg bw/day for spices and 0.04 ng/kg bw/day for nuts consumption. In children, the median PDI of AFM₁ for dairy consumption was 0.07 ng/kg bw/day. The derived margin of exposure (MoE) values ranged from 1133 to 8500 suggested that aflatoxins would be of public health concern. The PDI of the other mycotoxins did not show a health risk. This is the first survey of mycotoxins in food made in Chile; further research is needed to improve surveillance and guidelines based on national risk assessments and considering sensitive population groups.

中文翻译：

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智利消费的食品中有关霉菌毒素的发生。

这项研究的目的是分析智利在2008年至2008年之间食用的食品中黄曲霉毒素，黄曲霉毒素M1（AFM ₁），伏马毒素、,曲霉毒素A（OTA），棒曲霉素（PAT），玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）和脱氧雪茄烯醇（DON）的发生情况2017年，并通过可能的每日摄入量（PDI）估算来估算主要污染食品对人体暴露的贡献。在为期9年的监测中，对2020年的食物样本进行了分析，其中有18.2％的样本发生，并且有2.7％的样本超出了智利法规。食品中霉菌毒素的发生率为黄曲霉毒素为16％，AFM为6％₁，OTA为30％，DON为12％，PAT为7％，伏马毒素为21％，ZEN为2％。估计由于儿童的面包摄入量，DON的PDI中位数为儿童为129.2 ng / kg bw /天，成人为96.0 ng / kg bw /天。由于辣椒素的消耗，PDI的中值对于OTA为0.006 ng / kg bw /天，对于黄曲霉毒素为0.005 ng / kg bw /天。黄曲霉毒素的PDI中位数估计为，香料为0.02 ng / kg bw /天，坚果消费为0.04 ng / kg bw /天。在儿童中，AFM _1的PDI中位数乳制品消费量为0.07 ng / kg bw /天。推导的暴露裕度（MoE）值介于1133至8500之间，表明黄曲霉毒素将引起公众健康关注。其他霉菌毒素的PDI没有显示健康风险。这是智利对食品中真菌毒素的首次调查；需要进一步研究，以根据国家风险评估并考虑敏感人群，改善监测和指导原则。