Blood vessels are the important components of the circulatory systems that transport blood throughout the human body and maintain the homeostasis of physiological tissues. Pathologically, blood vessels are often affected by diseases, leading to the formation of unstable, irregular, and hyperpermeable blood vessels. In the tumor microenvironment, abnormal leakage of tumor blood vessels is related to the histological grade and malignant potential of tumors and may also facilitate metastasis of cancer. Visual diagnosis of blood vessels is very important for us to understand the occurrence and development of diseases. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a potential label-free diagnostic tool based on second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF). MPM can effectively observe the morphological changes of biological tissues at the molecular and cellular levels. In this work, we demonstrate that label-free MPM can be used to visualize the microstructure of blood vessels in human normal breast and breast tumor tissue. Moreover, MPM can monitor the changes of blood vessels in tumor microenvironment. These results show that the MPM will become a promising technique for clinicians to study the properties of the microstructure of the blood vessels.

中文翻译：

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使用多光子显微镜对人体正常乳腺和乳腺肿瘤组织中的血管进行无标记成像

血管是循环系统的重要组成部分，将血液输送到全身各处，维持生理组织的稳态。病理上，血管常常受到疾病的影响，导致形成不稳定、不规则和高渗透性的血管。在肿瘤微环境中，肿瘤血管异常渗漏与肿瘤的组织学分级和恶性潜能有关，也可能促进肿瘤的转移。血管的视觉诊断对于我们了解疾病的发生发展非常重要。多光子显微镜 (MPM) 是一种潜在的基于二次谐波产生 (SHG) 和双光子激发荧光 (TPEF) 的无标记诊断工具。MPM可以在分子和细胞水平上有效地观察生物组织的形态变化。在这项工作中，我们证明了无标记 MPM 可用于可视化人类正常乳腺和乳腺肿瘤组织中血管的微观结构。此外，MPM可以监测肿瘤微环境中血管的变化。这些结果表明，MPM 将成为临床医生研究血管微结构特性的一项有前途的技术。