Abstract Objective: As the perceived risk of cannabis use continues to decline among youths and access continues to increase, it has become more important to synthesize the rapidly growing literature on the effects of cannabis on neurocognition. Hundreds of studies examining associations between cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning have been published in recent decades. However, results often differ across individual studies, particularly when sample sizes are small. Meta-analytic methods help to make sense of this literature and have been increasingly applied to studies on cannabis use and neurocognition. Methods: A systematic literature search using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted to identify peer-reviewed meta-analyses of neurocognitive or functional neuroimaging data that examined associations between cannabis use and non-acute effects on neurocognitive functioning (n = 8). Results: Current findings suggest that regular healthy cannabis users, regardless of age, display poorer neurocognitive functioning relative to nonusers of small to medium effect sizes across many neurocognitive domains, as well as functional brain alterations when compared to non-users. Adverse effects are not uniform across neurocognitive domains and evidence for adolescent-onset users having poorer neurocognitive outcomes remains equivocal based on these studies. However, less is known about cannabis effects on neurocognition among clinical samples, as findings from specific clinical samples revealed mixed results. Conclusions: Meta-analyses have played an important role in helping to grasp the totality of results from a large body of literature on cannabis effects on neurocognition, yet more research (particularly large-scale longitudinal studies) is needed to identify critical periods or patterns of use that are more likely to result in negative outcomes.

中文翻译：

---

大麻使用对神经认知功能的不利影响：荟萃分析研究的系统评价

摘要 目的：随着青少年对大麻使用风险的感知持续下降和获取的持续增加，综合快速增长的关于大麻对神经认知影响的文献变得更加重要。近几十年来，已经发表了数百项研究大麻使用与神经认知功能之间的关联的研究。然而，个别研究的结果往往不同，尤其是在样本量较小的情况下。元分析方法有助于理解这些文献，并越来越多地应用于大麻使用和神经认知的研究。方法：使用系统评价和元分析首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 指南进行了系统文献检索，以确定神经认知或功能神经影像学数据的同行评审元分析，这些数据检查大麻使用与对神经认知功能的非急性影响之间的关联(n = 8)。结果：目前的研究结果表明，与非使用者相比，与非使用者相比，与非使用者相比，在许多神经认知领域的中小效应量以及功能性大脑改变的非使用者，无论年龄大小，常规健康大麻使用者表现出较差的神经认知功能。根据这些研究，神经认知领域的不良反应并不统一，青少年发病用户的神经认知结果较差的证据仍然模棱两可。然而，对大麻对临床样本中神经认知的影响知之甚少，因为特定临床样本的结果显示结果喜忧参半。结论：荟萃分析在帮助掌握大量关于大麻对神经认知影响的文献的全部结果方面发挥了重要作用，但需要更多的研究（特别是大规模的纵向研究）来确定关键时期或模式更可能导致负面结果的使用。