OBJECTIVE Racial discrimination is a stressor that may put African Americans at risk for alcohol use and related problems. We examined whether experiences of blatant (racist events) and subtle (racial microaggressions) forms of racial discrimination were associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems among African American young adults, and whether childhood/adolescence racial socialization by parents and friends moderated these associations. METHOD The sample included 383 African American young adults (Mage = 20.65, SD = 2.28; 81% female) who completed an electronic survey in Fall, 2017. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted in Mplus. RESULTS Experiences of racist events and racial microaggressions were associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption and more alcohol problems. Racial socialization by friends, but not parents, moderated these associations. Specifically, cultural socialization by friends buffered the effect of racist events on alcohol consumption and alcohol problems, whereas promotion of mistrust by friends exacerbated the effect of racial microaggressions on alcohol problems. CONCLUSIONS Both blatant and subtle forms of racial discrimination were associated with higher risk for alcohol use or problems among African American young adults. Racial socialization by friends while growing up may play an important role in alcohol use outcomes during young adulthood. Findings highlight the importance of considering different forms of racial discrimination and emphasize the unique roles of racial socialization across different social contexts (i.e., parent and peers or friends) in relation to psychosocial outcomes among African American individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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非裔美国年轻人的种族歧视和酗酒问题：考察父母和朋友种族社会化的调节作用。


目标 种族歧视是一种压力源，可能使非裔美国人面临酗酒和相关问题的风险。我们研究了公然（种族主义事件）和微妙（种族微侵犯）形式的种族歧视的经历是否与非裔美国年轻人的饮酒和酒精问题有关，以及父母和朋友在童年/青少年时期的种族社会化是否调节了这些关联。方法 样本包括 383 名非裔美国年轻人（Mage = 20.65，SD = 2.28；81% 女性），他们于 2017 年秋季完成了一项电子调查。在 Mplus 中进行了分层线性回归分析。结果 种族主义事件和种族微侵犯的经历与较高的饮酒水平和更多的酒精问题有关。朋友而非父母的种族社会化调节了这些联系。具体而言，朋友的文化社会化缓冲了种族主义事件对饮酒和酒精问题的影响，而朋友的不信任则加剧了种族微侵犯对酒精问题的影响。结论 公然和微妙形式的种族歧视都与非裔美国年轻人饮酒或出现问题的较高风险相关。成长过程中朋友的种族社交可能在成年早期的饮酒结果中发挥重要作用。研究结果强调了考虑不同形式的种族歧视的重要性，并强调了不同社会背景（即父母和同龄人或朋友）中种族社会化对非裔美国人个体心理社会结果的独特作用。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。