Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear transcription factors that play a role in lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, terminal differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Although several cancer models have been suggested to explain PPARs' involvement in tumorigenesis, however, their role is still unclear. In this review, we examined associations of the different PPARs, polymorphisms and various types of cancer with a focus on gene-environment interactions. Reviewed evidence suggests that functional genetic variants of the different PPARs may modulate the relationship between environmental exposure and cancer risk. In addition, this report unveils the scarcity of reliable quantitative environmental exposure data when examining these interactions, and the current gaps in studying gene-environment interactions in many types of cancer, particularly colorectal, prostate, and bladder cancers.

中文翻译：

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PPAR基因与人类癌症的遗传多态性：基因与环境相互作用的证据。

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）是核转录因子，在脂质代谢，细胞增殖，终末分化，细胞凋亡和炎症中起作用。虽然已经提出了几种癌症模型来解释PPAR参与肿瘤发生，但是，它们的作用仍不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们研究了不同PPAR，多态性与各种类型癌症的关联，重点是基因与环境的相互作用。审查的证据表明，不同PPAR的功能性遗传变异可能会调节环境暴露与癌症风险之间的关系。此外，本报告还揭示了在检查这些相互作用时缺乏可靠的定量环境暴露数据的方法，