The tettigoniid Barbitistes vicetinus Galvagni & Fontana was described in 1993 as an endemic and rare bush-cricket of north-east Italy. Since 2008, this species has become a pest, causing repeated outbreaks with severe defoliations in broadleaf forests and neighbouring crops. Few data are currently available on ecology and life-cycle of this species, in particular about how temperature regulates egg-diapause and hatching phenology. The present work reports a field study regarding hatching phenology of B. vicetinus, surveyed with 84 emergence traps over four consecutive years (2013–2016). Moreover, the effect of temperature on the hatching was tested in the laboratory, exposing eggs to different temperatures. Field observations showed that hatching occurred between the end of March and beginning of April. In warmer years, hatching started early in the spring and lasted longer, while in colder years, hatching started later and was concentrated in a few days. Moreover, a significant effect of both elevation and exposure on the hatching start was observed. Results obtained from laboratory suggested the ability of the species to develop in the post-final diapause in a wide range of thermal conditions. After the diapause (terminated by a prolonged common exposure to low temperature) B. vicetinus was able to hatch from 6 to 23°C although, due to prolonged post-diapause development, hatching took place progressively later at colder temperatures. To manage B. vicetinus outbreaks, forecasting the seasonal phenology of egg hatching and its duration is important for an effective pest control.

中文翻译：

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出现物候学和温度对灌木蟋蟀巴比氏菌（直翅目，Tettigoniidae）滞育后卵发育的影响

tettigoniid巴比氏菌Galvagni & Fontana 在 1993 年被描述为意大利东北部特有的稀有丛林蟋蟀。自2008年以来，该物种已成为一种害虫，导致阔叶林和邻近作物严重落叶反复爆发。目前关于该物种的生态学和生命周期的数据很少，特别是关于温度如何调节卵滞育和孵化物候学。目前的工作报告了一项关于孵化物候学的实地研究B.vicetinus，连续四年（2013-2016 年）调查了 84 个出现陷阱。此外，在实验室中测试了温度对孵化的影响，将鸡蛋暴露在不同的温度下。实地观察表明，孵化发生在 3 月底至 4 月初之间。在温暖的年份，孵化开始于春季较早，持续时间较长，而在较冷的年份，孵化开始较晚，集中在几天内。此外，观察到海拔和暴露对孵化开始的显着影响。从实验室获得的结果表明，该物种在广泛的热条件下最终滞育后发育的能力。滞育后（因长期暴露于低温而终止）B.vicetinus能够在 6°C 到 23°C 孵化，但由于滞育后发育时间较长，孵化逐渐在较冷的温度下进行。管理B.vicetinus爆发，预测卵孵化的季节性物候及其持续时间对于有效控制害虫很重要。