Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a rapid-developing desalination technology; however, it suffers from inefficient energy consumption. To reduce energy consumption, in this study, reverse osmosis thin-film composite membrane (TFC) module was prepared and composed of m-phenylenediamine (MPD), graphene oxide, and 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl chloride (TMC) by interfacial polymerization on the surface of a polysulfone substrate. The graphene oxide was embedded in the mentioned thin-film composite by adding it to MPD aqueous solution to enhance permeation flux and, thus, reduce energy consumption. This study assessed the performance of the membrane using a lab-scale RO setup and evaluated permeability and salt rejection. The chemical properties of TFC were also analyzed using ATR-FTIR. Incorporating various concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 ppm) of graphene oxide into the TFC was shown to improve water flux. Flux improvement of 50% was achieved by using graphene (80 ppm), while 10% of salt rejection was lost. These flux increases resulted from the changes in surface charge, surface roughness, and hydrophilicity due to the embedment of GO nanosheets. The simplicity of the method, compatibility of GO with polyamide membrane, and quite short-time reaction are the highlights of this technique for developing novel TFC membranes for water treatment.

中文翻译：

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通过掺入氧化石墨烯增强薄膜复合膜的通量。


反渗透（RO）是一种快速发展的海水淡化技术；然而，它的能源消耗效率低下。为了降低能耗，本研究通过界面聚合法制备了由间苯二胺（MPD）、氧化石墨烯和1,3,5-苯三甲酰氯（TMC）组成的反渗透薄膜复合膜（TFC）组件。在聚砜基材的表面上。通过将氧化石墨烯添加到 MPD 水溶液中，将其嵌入到上述薄膜复合材料中，以提高渗透通量，从而降低能耗。本研究使用实验室规模的反渗透装置评估了膜的性能，并评估了渗透性和脱盐率。还使用 ATR-FTIR 分析了 TFC 的化学性质。在 TFC 中加入不同浓度（0、20、40、60 和 80 ppm）的氧化石墨烯可以提高水通量。通过使用石墨烯 (80 ppm)，通量提高了 50%，同时脱盐率降低了 10%。这些通量的增加是由于 GO 纳米片的嵌入导致表面电荷、表面粗糙度和亲水性的变化所致。该方法的简单性、GO与聚酰胺膜的相容性以及反应时间相当短是该技术开发用于水处理的新型TFC膜的亮点。