Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a cluster of risk factors including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose homeostasis. Lifestyle interventions that promote improvements in diet quality and physical activity represent a first line of therapy for MetS. However, varying responses to lifestyle interventions are well documented and may be partially explained by underlying genetic differences. The aim of this study was to investigate if variants in genes previously associated with MetS influence the magnitude of change in MetS risk during a 1-year lifestyle intervention. Methods: The present study used data collected from the Canadian Health Advanced by Nutrition and Graded Exercise study cohort (n = 159 men and women) to investigate the effect of 17 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on response to a 1-year lifestyle intervention. Associations between SNPs and the continuous MetS (cMetS) score, as well as individual MetS components, were examined. Results: Reductions in cMetS score at both 3 months and 1 year were significantly associated with 2 variants: rs662799 (A/G) in apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) and rs1501299 (G/T) in adiponectin (ADIPOQ). Individuals carrying a minor T allele in rs1501299 experienced a greater reduction in cMetS score at both 3 months and 1 year, whereas major allele AA homozygotes in rs662799 experienced greater reductions in cMetS score during the intervention. No associations were identified between the aforementioned SNPs and individual components of MetS. Both un-weighted and weighted genetic risk scores (GRS) using these 2 SNPs revealed that individuals carrying none of the risk alleles experienced significantly greater reductions in cMetS score after 1 year. Conclusions: The findings from the current study suggest that individuals with certain genotypes may benefit more from a lifestyle intervention for MetS and that specific variants, either independently or as part of a GRS, could be used as a nutrigenomic tool to tailor the intervention to reduce the risk of MetS.

中文翻译：

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在一年的生活方式干预期间，APOA5和ADIPOQ 的变异对代谢综合征有适度的改善

背景：代谢综合征 (MetS) 包括一系列危险因素，包括向心性肥胖、高血压、血脂异常和葡萄糖稳态受损。促进饮食质量和身体活动改善的生活方式干预是 MetS 的一线治疗方法。然而，对生活方式干预的不同反应有据可查，部分原因可能是潜在的遗传差异。本研究的目的是调查先前与 MetS 相关的基因变异是否影响 1 年生活方式干预期间 MetS 风险的变化幅度。方法：本研究使用从加拿大健康高级营养和分级运动研究队列（n = 159 名男性和女性）收集的数据来调查 17 种候选单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 对 1 年生活方式干预反应的影响。检查了 SNP 与连续 MetS (cMetS) 分数以及单个 MetS 组件之间的关联。结果：3 个月和 1 年时 cMetS 评分的降低与 2 种变异显着相关：载脂蛋白 A5 (APOA5) 中的 rs662799 (A/G) 和脂联素 (ADIPOQ) 中的 rs1501299 (G/T)。在 rs1501299 中携带次要 T 等位基因的个体在 3 个月和 1 年时经历了更大的 cMetS 评分降低，而 rs662799 中的主要等位基因 AA 纯合子在干预期间经历了更大的 cMetS 评分降低。在上述 SNP 与 MetS 的各个组成部分之间没有发现关联。使用这 2 个 SNP 的未加权和加权遗传风险评分 (GRS) 均显示，不携带任何风险等位基因的个体在 1 年后 cMetS 评分显着降低。结论：当前研究的结果表明，具有某些基因型的个体可能从 MetS 的生活方式干预中获益更多，并且特定的变异，无论是独立的还是作为 GRS 的一部分，都可以用作营养基因组学工具来定制干预以减少MetS 的风险。使用这 2 个 SNP 的未加权和加权遗传风险评分 (GRS) 均显示，不携带任何风险等位基因的个体在 1 年后 cMetS 评分显着降低。结论：当前研究的结果表明，具有某些基因型的个体可能从 MetS 的生活方式干预中获益更多，并且特定的变异，无论是独立的还是作为 GRS 的一部分，都可以用作营养基因组学工具来定制干预以减少MetS 的风险。使用这 2 个 SNP 的未加权和加权遗传风险评分 (GRS) 均显示，不携带任何风险等位基因的个体在 1 年后 cMetS 评分显着降低。结论：当前研究的结果表明，具有某些基因型的个体可能从 MetS 的生活方式干预中获益更多，并且特定的变异，无论是独立的还是作为 GRS 的一部分，都可以用作营养基因组学工具来定制干预以减少MetS 的风险。