The potential of stem cell therapy has been shown in preclinical trials for the treatment of damage and replacement of organs and degenerative diseases. After many years of research, its clinical application is limited. Currently there is not a single stem cell therapy product or procedure. Nanotechnology is an emerging field in medicine and has huge potential due to its unique characteristics such as its size, surface effects, tunnel effects, and quantum size effect. The importance of application of nanotechnology in stem cell technology and cell-based therapies has been recognized. In particular, the effects of nanotopography on stem cell differentiation, proliferation, and adhesion have become an area of intense research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite the many opportunities that nanotechnology can create to change the fate of stem cell technology and cell therapies, it poses several risks since some nanomaterials are cytotoxic and can affect the differentiation program of stem cells and their viability. Here we review some of the advances and the prospects of nanotechnology in stem cell research and cell-based therapies and discuss the issues, obstacles, applications, and approaches with the aim of opening new avenues for further research.

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纳米技术会给干细胞治疗带来新希望吗？

干细胞疗法的潜力已在临床前试验中显示，可用于治疗损伤和器官置换以及退行性疾病。经过多年的研究，其临床应用受到限制。目前没有单一的干细胞治疗产品或程序。纳米技术是一个新兴的医学领域，由于其独特的尺寸、表面效应、隧道效应和量子尺寸效应等特性而具有巨大的潜力。纳米技术在干细胞技术和基于细胞的疗法中的应用的重要性已经得到认可。尤其是纳米形貌对干细胞分化、增殖和粘附的影响已成为组织工程和再生医学领域的热点研究领域。尽管纳米技术可以创造许多机会来改变干细胞技术和细胞疗法的命运，但它也带来了一些风险，因为一些纳米材料具有细胞毒性，会影响干细胞的分化程序及其活力。在这里，我们回顾了纳米技术在干细胞研究和基于细胞的疗法中的一些进展和前景，并讨论了问题、障碍、应用和方法，旨在为进一步研究开辟新的途径。