Cell senescence is characterized by the irreversible arrest of cell proliferation and has been implicated as one of the critical causes of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Telomere dysfunction, oxidative stress, DNA damage, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the development of cellular senescence. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), which is the catalytic subunit of telomerase, can counteract cellular senescence with telomerase RNA template in a telomere-dependent manner. In addition, TERT has also been confirmed to exert extra-telomeric and neuroprotective roles in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on the close relationship between cellular senescence and neurodegenerative diseases, and in particular, we elucidate the neuroprotective role of TERT in neurodegenerative diseases.

中文翻译：

---

端粒酶在神经退行性疾病中的衰老作用和神经保护作用。

细胞衰老的特征在于细胞增殖的不可逆止，并且已被认为是阿尔茨海默氏病，帕金森氏病和其他神经退行性疾病的重要原因之一。端粒功能障碍，氧化应激，DNA损伤，衰老相关的分泌表型和线粒体功能障碍导致细胞衰老的发展。端粒酶逆转录酶（TERT）是端粒酶的催化亚基，可通过端粒酶RNA模板以端粒依赖性方式抵消细胞衰老。另外，还证实了TERT在神经退行性疾病中发挥端粒和神经保护作用。在这篇综述中，我们着眼于细胞衰老与神经退行性疾病之间的密切关系，特别是，